PMID- 21695252
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111102
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 6
DP  - 2011
TI  - Evolutionary history of the cancer immunity antigen MAGE gene family.
PG  - e20365
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0020365 [doi]
LID - e20365
AB  - The evolutionary mode of a multi-gene family can change over time, depending on 
      the functional differentiation and local genomic environment of family members. 
      In this study, we demonstrate such a change in the melanoma antigen (MAGE) gene 
      family on the mammalian X chromosome. The MAGE gene family is composed of ten 
      subfamilies that can be categorized into two types. Type I genes are of 
      relatively recent origin, and they encode epitopes for human leukocyte antigen 
      (HLA) in cancer cells. Type II genes are relatively ancient and some of their 
      products are known to be involved in apoptosis or cell proliferation. The 
      evolutionary history of the MAGE gene family can be divided into four phases. In 
      phase I, a single-copy state of an ancestral gene and the evolutionarily 
      conserved mode had lasted until the emergence of eutherian mammals. In phase II, 
      eight subfamily ancestors, with the exception for MAGE-C and MAGE-D subfamilies, 
      were formed via retrotransposition independently. This would coincide with a 
      transposition burst of LINE elements at the eutherian radiation. However, MAGE-C 
      was generated by gene duplication of MAGE-A. Phase III is characterized by 
      extensive gene duplication within each subfamily and in particular the formation 
      of palindromes in the MAGE-A subfamily, which occurred in an ancestor of the 
      Catarrhini. Phase IV is characterized by the decay of a palindrome in most 
      Catarrhini, with the exception of humans. Although the palindrome is truncated by 
      frequent deletions in apes and Old World monkeys, it is retained in humans. Here, 
      we argue that this human-specific retention stems from negative selection acting 
      on MAGE-A genes encoding epitopes of cancer cells, which preserves their ability 
      to bind to highly divergent HLA molecules. These findings are interpreted with 
      consideration of the biological factors shaping recent human MAGE-A genes.
FAU - Katsura, Yukako
AU  - Katsura Y
AD  - Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for 
      Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.
FAU - Satta, Yoko
AU  - Satta Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110610
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Neoplasm)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
RN  - 0 (Nucleotides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Neoplasm/*genetics
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Exons/genetics
MH  - Gene Conversion/genetics
MH  - Gene Duplication/genetics
MH  - Gene Rearrangement/genetics
MH  - Genetic Markers
MH  - Genome, Human/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity/*genetics
MH  - Inverted Repeat Sequences/genetics
MH  - Mammals/genetics
MH  - Multigene Family/*genetics
MH  - Neoplasms/*genetics/*immunology
MH  - Nucleotides/genetics
MH  - Open Reading Frames/genetics
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Synteny/genetics
PMC - PMC3112145
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2011/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2011/11/04 06:00
PMCR- 2011/06/10
CRDT- 2011/06/23 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/04/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/06/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/11/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/06/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-11-03177 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0020365 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20365. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020365. Epub 2011 Jun 10.