PMID- 21696344
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111108
LR  - 20191112
IS  - 1874-4745 (Electronic)
IS  - 1874-4737 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Jun
TI  - Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor abuse: a critical review.
PG  - 87-94
AB  - Abuse of sildenafil has been reported since its introduction in 1999 and commonly 
      documented in combination with illicit drugs among men and women of all ages. 
      Increased risks of sexually transmissible diseases including HIV have been 
      associated with sildenafil use in men who have sex with men. Recognizing the 
      abuse potential of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5), we aim to 
      summarize the current knowledge of this abuse. An investigation of EMBASE, 
      PubMed, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website, MedWatch, and search 
      engines was performed to evaluate information regarding sildenafil, tadalafil, 
      and vardenafil abuse. The EMBASE search provided 46 articles fitting the search 
      criteria and evaluation led to 21 separate publications with specific information 
      regarding PDE5 abuse. A PubMed search found 10 additional publications. MedWatch 
      reported 44 separate warnings since 2000, most of which reported contamination of 
      herbal products with active drug components. Few reports of abuse were among the 
      14,818 reports in the FDA AERS for sildenafil. A search for "internet drug store" 
      revealed 6.4 million hits and of 7000 internet pharmacies identified by the 
      Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Sites Program (VIPPS) only 4% were in proper 
      compliance. The role internet pharmacies play in counterfeit PDE5 or abuse is not 
      well documented; however based on easy access, direct patient marketing, and low 
      advertised cost it is likely this role is underreported. Currently the best 
      recommendation for providers is to recognize the possibility of abuse and to 
      educate patients on risks of this behavior.
FAU - Lowe, Gregory
AU  - Lowe G
AD  - Department of Urology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, OH 
      43210, USA. gregory.lowe@osumc.edu
FAU - Costabile, Raymond
AU  - Costabile R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Drug Abuse Rev
JT  - Current drug abuse reviews
JID - 101468123
RN  - 0 (Carbolines)
RN  - 0 (Imidazoles)
RN  - 0 (Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Piperazines)
RN  - 0 (Purines)
RN  - 0 (Sulfones)
RN  - 0 (Triazines)
RN  - 5O8R96XMH7 (Vardenafil Dihydrochloride)
RN  - 742SXX0ICT (Tadalafil)
RN  - BW9B0ZE037 (Sildenafil Citrate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbolines/*adverse effects
MH  - Drug Contamination/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Imidazoles/*adverse effects
MH  - Internet
MH  - Marketing
MH  - Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/*adverse effects
MH  - Piperazines/*adverse effects
MH  - Purines/adverse effects
MH  - Sildenafil Citrate
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/economics/epidemiology
MH  - Sulfones/*adverse effects
MH  - Tadalafil
MH  - Triazines/adverse effects
MH  - United States
MH  - United States Food and Drug Administration
MH  - Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
EDAT- 2011/06/24 06:00
MHDA- 2011/11/09 06:00
CRDT- 2011/06/24 06:00
PHST- 2010/12/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/06/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/06/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/11/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - BSP/CDAR/E-Pub/00033 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1874473711104020087 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011 Jun;4(2):87-94. doi: 10.2174/1874473711104020087.