PMID- 21708397
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120718
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 409
IP  - 19
DP  - 2011 Sep 1
TI  - Levels of brominated flame retardants and other pesistent organic pollutants in 
      breast milk samples from Limpopo Province, South Africa.
PG  - 4048-53
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.054 [doi]
AB  - The non-occupational exposure to brominated flame retardants, and other 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was studied by collecting human breast milk 
      samples from mothers residing in Thohoyandou area, a rural district in the 
      Limpopo Province, northern part of South Africa (SA). Of all collected samples to 
      be analysed (n=28), those with large enough milk volumes, (n=14) were quantified 
      for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (9 congeners: BDE-28, 47, 66, 99, 100, 
      138, 153, 154, and 183) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) on a GC equipped with 
      dual capillary columns and dual electron-capture detectors (ECD). The levels of 
      PBDE congeners (median sumBDE 1.3 ng/g of lipids) and of HBCD were not far from 
      levels generally found in European studies, and this study may be the first 
      report on the presence of PBDEs and HBCD in SA breast milk. On a congener basis, 
      the finding of comparably high BDE-183 levels suggests a specific PBDE usage, or 
      contamination situation in SA. Apart from BFRs, the high DDT levels found in the 
      breast milk from this area (median and maximum sumDDT levels of about 4600 and 
      over 20,000 ng/g of lipids, respectively; n=28) have earlier been reported. In 
      addition, other POPs (PCBs, HCB and HCHs) were found in SA breast milk, at 
      relatively low levels. To conclude, measurable levels of PBDEs and HBCD, and a 
      specific BDE congener pattern, were found in breast milk from the Limpopo 
      province, SA. A number of other POPs, including DDTs in high levels, were also 
      present.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Darnerud, Per Ola
AU  - Darnerud PO
AD  - Toxicology Division, National Food Administration, P.O. Box 622, SE-751 26 
      Uppsala, Sweden. poda@slv.se
FAU - Aune, Marie
AU  - Aune M
FAU - Larsson, Lotta
AU  - Larsson L
FAU - Lignell, Sanna
AU  - Lignell S
FAU - Mutshatshi, Tshinanne
AU  - Mutshatshi T
FAU - Okonkwo, Jonathan
AU  - Okonkwo J
FAU - Botha, Ben
AU  - Botha B
FAU - Agyei, Nana
AU  - Agyei N
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110626
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Brominated)
RN  - 5I9835JO3M (hexabromocyclododecane)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Female
MH  - Flame Retardants/*analysis
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Brominated/analysis
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - South Africa
EDAT- 2011/06/29 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/19 06:00
CRDT- 2011/06/29 06:00
PHST- 2011/03/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/05/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/05/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/06/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(11)00578-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.054 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2011 Sep 1;409(19):4048-53. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.054. Epub 2011 Jun 26.