PMID- 21719112
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111228
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1873-2534 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-2427 (Print)
IS  - 0165-2427 (Linking)
VI  - 143
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 2011 Oct 15
TI  - The innate antiviral immune system of the cat: molecular tools for the 
      measurement of its state of activation.
PG  - 269-81
LID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.005 [doi]
AB  - The innate immune system plays a central role in host defence against viruses. 
      While many studies portray mechanisms in early antiviral immune responses of 
      humans and mice, much remains to be discovered about these mechanisms in the cat. 
      With the objective of shedding light on early host-virus interactions in felids, 
      we have developed 12 real-time TaqMan((R)) qPCR systems for feline genes relevant 
      to innate responses to viral infection, including those encoding for various IFNalpha 
      and IFNomega subtypes, IFNbeta, intracellular antiviral factor Mx, NK cell stimulator 
      IL-15 and effectors perforin and granzyme B, as well as Toll-like receptors 
      (TLRs) 3 and 8. Using these newly developed assays and others previously 
      described, we measured the relative expression of selected markers at early time 
      points after viral infection in vitro and in vivo. Feline embryonic fibroblasts 
      (FEA) inoculated with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) indicated peak levels of IFNalpha, 
      IFNbeta and Mx expression already 6h after infection. In contrast, Crandell-Rees 
      feline kidney (CrFK) cells inoculated with feline herpes virus (FHV) responded to 
      infection with high levels of IFNalpha and IFNbeta only after 24h, and no induction of 
      Mx could be detected. In feline PBMCs challenged in vitro with feline 
      immunodeficiency virus (FIV), maximal expression levels of IFNalpha, beta and omega subtype 
      genes as well as IL-15 and TLRs 3, 7 and 8 were measured between 12 and 24h after 
      infection, whereas expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine gene IL-6 were 
      consistently downregulated until 48h post inoculation. A marginal upregulation of 
      granzyme B was also observed within 3h after infection. In an in vivo experiment, 
      cats challenged with FIV exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in IFNalpha expression in 
      blood 1 week post infection. We furthermore demonstrate the possibility of 
      stimulating feline immune cells in vitro with various immune response modifiers 
      (IRMs) already known for their immunostimulatory properties in mice and humans, 
      namely Poly IC, Resiquimod (R-848) and dSLIM, a synthetic oligonucleotide 
      containing several unmethylated CpG motifs. Stimulation of feline PBMCs with 
      dSLIM and R-848 effectively enhanced expression of IFNalpha within 12h by factors of 
      6 and 12, respectively, and Poly IC induced an increase in Mx mRNA expression of 
      28-fold. Altogether, we describe new molecular tools and their successful use for 
      the characterization of innate immune responses against viruses in the cat and 
      provide evidence that feline cells can be stimulated by synthetic molecules to 
      enhance their antiviral defence mechanisms.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Robert-Tissot, Celine
AU  - Robert-Tissot C
AD  - Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 
      260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. crobert@vetclinics.uzh.ch
FAU - Ruegger, Vera L
AU  - Ruegger VL
FAU - Cattori, Valentino
AU  - Cattori V
FAU - Meli, Marina L
AU  - Meli ML
FAU - Riond, Barbara
AU  - Riond B
FAU - Gomes-Keller, Maria Alice
AU  - Gomes-Keller MA
FAU - Vogtlin, Andrea
AU  - Vogtlin A
FAU - Wittig, Burghardt
AU  - Wittig B
FAU - Juhls, Christiane
AU  - Juhls C
FAU - Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina
AU  - Hofmann-Lehmann R
FAU - Lutz, Hans
AU  - Lutz H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110612
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol
JT  - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
JID - 8002006
RN  - 9008-11-1 (Interferons)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cat Diseases/immunology/*virology
MH  - Cats/*immunology/virology
MH  - Cell Line/virology
MH  - Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
MH  - Immunity, Innate/*genetics
MH  - Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/immunology
MH  - Interferons/genetics
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology/virology
MH  - Male
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
PMC - PMC7112645
EDAT- 2011/07/02 06:00
MHDA- 2011/12/29 06:00
PMCR- 2011/06/12
CRDT- 2011/07/02 06:00
PHST- 2011/07/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/07/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/06/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0165-2427(11)00202-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2011 Oct 15;143(3-4):269-81. doi: 
      10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.005. Epub 2011 Jun 12.