PMID- 21738950
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120803
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1528-3658 (Electronic)
IS  - 1076-1551 (Print)
IS  - 1076-1551 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 11-12
DP  - 2011
TI  - Increased levels of calprotectin in obesity are related to macrophage content: 
      impact on inflammation and effect of weight loss.
PG  - 1157-67
LID - 10.2119/molmed.2011.00144 [doi]
AB  - Calprotectin has been recently described as a novel marker of obesity. The aim of 
      this study was to determine the circulating concentrations and expression levels 
      of calprotectin subunits (S100A8 and S100A9) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), 
      exploring its impact on insulin resistance and inflammation and the effect of 
      weight loss. We included 53 subjects in the study. Gene expression levels of the 
      S100A8/A9 complex were analyzed in VAT as well as in both adipocytes and 
      stromovascular fraction cells (SVFCs). In addition, circulating calprotectin and 
      soluble receptor for the advanced glycation end product (sRAGE) concentrations 
      were measured before and after weight loss achieved by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 
      (RYGB) (n = 26). Circulating concentrations and VAT expression of S100A8/A9 
      complex were increased in normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic obese patients (P < 
      0.01) and associated with markers of inflammation (P < 0.01). Oppositely, 
      concentrations of sRAGE were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in both obese groups 
      compared to lean volunteers. Elevated calprotectin levels in obese patients 
      decreased (P < 0.00001) after RYGB, whereas sRAGE concentrations tended to 
      increase. Calprotectin was mainly expressed by SVFCs, and its expression was 
      significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with mRNA levels of the 
      monocyte-macrophage-related molecules macrophage-specific antigen CD68 (CD68), 
      monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), integrin alpha-M (CD11B), and NADPH oxidase 2 
      (NOX2). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the 
      mRNA levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) of human visceral 
      adipocytes. The increased levels of calprotectin in obesity and 
      obesity-associated type 2 diabetes, its positive association with inflammation as 
      well as the higher expression levels in the SVFCs in VAT suggests a potential 
      role of this protein as a chemotactic factor in the recruitment of macrophages to 
      VAT, increasing inflammation and the development of obesity-associated 
      comorbidities.
FAU - Catalan, Victoria
AU  - Catalan V
AD  - Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
FAU - Gomez-Ambrosi, Javier
AU  - Gomez-Ambrosi J
FAU - Rodriguez, Amaia
AU  - Rodriguez A
FAU - Ramirez, Beatriz
AU  - Ramirez B
FAU - Rotellar, Fernando
AU  - Rotellar F
FAU - Valenti, Victor
AU  - Valenti V
FAU - Silva, Camilo
AU  - Silva C
FAU - Gil, Maria J
AU  - Gil MJ
FAU - Fernandez-Real, Jose Manuel
AU  - Fernandez-Real JM
FAU - Salvador, Javier
AU  - Salvador J
FAU - Fruhbeck, Gema
AU  - Fruhbeck G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110705
PL  - England
TA  - Mol Med
JT  - Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)
JID - 9501023
RN  - 0 (Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex)
RN  - 0 (Protein Subunits)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (S100 Proteins)
RN  - 0 (S100A1 protein)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipocytes/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anthropometry
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/complications
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/blood/*complications/pathology
MH  - Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/*blood/genetics
MH  - Macrophages/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Obesity/*blood/complications
MH  - Protein Subunits/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
MH  - Receptors, Immunologic/blood
MH  - S100 Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
MH  - *Weight Loss/genetics
PMC - PMC3321803
EDAT- 2011/07/09 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/04 06:00
PMCR- 2011/07/05
CRDT- 2011/07/09 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/06/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/07/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/07/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/07/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molmed.2011.00144 [pii]
AID - 11_144_catalan [pii]
AID - 10.2119/molmed.2011.00144 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Med. 2011;17(11-12):1157-67. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00144. Epub 2011 Jul 5.