PMID- 21745678 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120222 LR - 20221207 IS - 1879-1298 (Electronic) IS - 0045-6535 (Linking) VI - 85 IP - 6 DP - 2011 Oct TI - Biochemical and locomotor responses of Carcinus maenas exposed to the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. PG - 967-76 LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.067 [doi] AB - The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the widely used anti-depressant fluoxetine on behaviour (locomotion), moulting, neuromuscular transmission, energy production and anti-oxidant defences' efficiency of the epibenthic crab Carcinus maenas. Crabs were individually exposed to fluoxetine concentrations for 7d. Effects on locomotion were assessed at the end of the exposure using an open field test adapted to C. maenas in the present study. Tissue samples were later collected to evaluate fluoxetine effects on physiological functions using the activity of key enzymes and other parameters as biomarkers, namely: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in the epidermis (moulting) and the hepatopancreas; cholinesterases (ChE) in muscle (neuromuscular cholinergic transmission); NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and lactate dehydrogenease (LDH) in muscle (energy production); glutathione S-transferases (GST) in hepatopancreas (biotransformation and oxidative stress system); glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidade (GPx), total glutathione levels (TG) and lipid peroxidation levels in the hepatopancreas (anti-oxidant defences and oxidative damage). Because no information on C. maenas NAGase activity was previously available, its variation during the moult cycle was also investigated. The results showed that locomotion was significantly increased at fluoxetine concentrations equal or above 120 mug L(-)(1), with animals spending more time moving, walking longer distances than controls. Levels of NAGase activity were found to vary in relation to C. maenas moult cycle, but no alterations were observed after exposure to fluoxetine. Significant increases in the activity of ChE, GST and GR enzymes, and the levels of TG were found, with a lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of 120 mug L(-)(1). Effects on locomotion were significantly and positively correlated to those induced on ChE activity. The results raise concern when hypothesising conditions of chronic exposure in the wild. CI - Copyright A(c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Mesquita, Sofia Raquel AU - Mesquita SR AD - CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. smesquita@ciimar.up.pt FAU - Guilhermino, Lucia AU - Guilhermino L FAU - Guimaraes, Laura AU - Guimaraes L LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110713 PL - England TA - Chemosphere JT - Chemosphere JID - 0320657 RN - 0 (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) RN - 01K63SUP8D (Fluoxetine) RN - EC 3.2.1.52 (Acetylglucosaminidase) SB - IM MH - Acetylglucosaminidase/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Behavior, Animal/drug effects MH - Brachyura/*drug effects/growth & development/metabolism/physiology MH - Ecotoxicology/*methods MH - Fluoxetine/*toxicity MH - Locomotion/*drug effects MH - Male MH - Molting/drug effects MH - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/*toxicity MH - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity EDAT- 2011/07/13 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/23 06:00 CRDT- 2011/07/13 06:00 PHST- 2011/01/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/06/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/06/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/07/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/07/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/23 06:00 [medline] AID - S0045-6535(11)00724-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.067 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chemosphere. 2011 Oct;85(6):967-76. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.067. Epub 2011 Jul 13.