PMID- 21782686
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121002
LR  - 20110725
IS  - 1382-6689 (Print)
IS  - 1382-6689 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 2004 Jan
TI  - Effects of 2-bromopropane on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development in the 
      ICR mouse.
PG  - 103-10
LID - 10.1016/j.etap.2003.11.003 [doi]
AB  - 2-Bromopropane (2-BP), a halogenated propane analogue, is a substitute for 
      chlorofluorocarbones (CFCs) which have a great potential to destroy the ozone 
      layer and to warm the earth's environment. The present study was carried out to 
      investigate the potential adverse effects of 2-BP on pregnant dams and 
      embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 
      6-17 in ICR mice. The test chemical was administered subcutaneously to pregnant 
      mice at dose levels of 0, 500, 1000, and 1500mg/kg per day. All dams were 
      subjected to caesarean section on GD 18 and their fetuses were examined for 
      external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities. Throughout the study period, no 
      treatment-related deaths were found in the groups treated with 2-BP. Pregnant 
      mice of the 1000 and 1500mg/kg groups showed treatment-related clinical signs 
      such as rough fur and swelling, induration, crust formation, and ulceration in 
      the injection sites which were dose dependent in incidence and severity. A 
      decrease in fetal weight, an increase in fetal malformation, and an increase in 
      fetal ossification delay were found at a dose level of 1500mg/kg per day in a 
      dose-dependent manner. On the contrary, there were no adverse effects on body 
      weight, body weight gain, gravid uterine weight, food consumption, gross finding 
      at any dose tested. In addition, no treatment-related effects on the number of 
      corpora lutea, implantations, resorptions, dead fetuses, live fetuses, and sex 
      ratio of live fetuses were observed. These findings suggest that 2-BP was 
      embryotoxic and teratogenic at a minimally maternally toxic dose (i.e., 1500mg/kg 
      per day) in ICR mice. In the present experimental conditions, the 
      no-observed-adverse-effect level of 2-BP is considered to be 500mg/kg per day for 
      dams and 1000mg/kg per day for fetuses, respectively.
FAU - Kim, Jong C
AU  - Kim JC
AD  - Department of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National 
      University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea.
FAU - Shin, Dong H
AU  - Shin DH
FAU - Heo, Jeong D
AU  - Heo JD
FAU - Kim, Choong Y
AU  - Kim CY
FAU - Chung, Moon K
AU  - Chung MK
FAU - Kim, Hyeon Y
AU  - Kim HY
FAU - Park, Seung C
AU  - Park SC
FAU - Yun, Hyo I
AU  - Yun HI
FAU - Kim, Mu K
AU  - Kim MK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
JT  - Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
JID - 9612020
EDAT- 2004/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2004/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 2011/07/26 06:00
PHST- 2003/08/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2003/11/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2003/08/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2003/11/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/07/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2004/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/01/01 00:01 [medline]
AID - S1382-6689(03)00108-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.etap.2003.11.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;15(2-3):103-10. doi: 
      10.1016/j.etap.2003.11.003.