PMID- 21787827
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111207
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1873-2518 (Electronic)
IS  - 0264-410X (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 38
DP  - 2011 Sep 2
TI  - Natural products and the search for novel vaccine adjuvants.
PG  - 6464-71
LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.041 [doi]
AB  - Vaccines that protect against intracellular infections such as malaria, 
      Leishmania and Chlamydia require strong cellular responses based on CD4(+) T 
      cells and CD8(+) T cells in addition to antibodies. Such cell-mediated responses 
      can be potentiated with adjuvants. However, very few adjuvants have been licensed 
      for use in humans; thus there is an urgent need for the discovery of new 
      non-toxic adjuvants in order to produce more efficacious vaccines. Until 
      recently, the mechanisms of how adjuvants worked remained largely unknown, but, 
      it is becoming clearer that many function via host germline-encoded pattern 
      recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by most immune and non-immune cells. Most 
      PRRs sense infection and transmit a series of signals that ultimately lead to the 
      development of immunity. PRR mediated signalling can be harnessed to search for 
      new vaccine adjuvants. Dendritic cells (DCs) express many PRRs and are remarkably 
      effective at directing T cell immunity. Natural products (NPs) have been the 
      basis of many drugs and are a rich source of immune activators and/or regulators 
      of the immune response. Here we review PRRs in the context of NPs and propose the 
      use of DCs as biological probes to help identify novel immune type molecules and 
      adjuvants within collections of NPs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Rey-Ladino, Jose
AU  - Rey-Ladino J
AD  - Griffith Health Institute, School of Public Health, Griffith University, Logan 
      Campus, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia. j.rey-ladino@griffith.edu.au
FAU - Ross, Allen G
AU  - Ross AG
FAU - Cripps, Allan W
AU  - Cripps AW
FAU - McManus, Donald P
AU  - McManus DP
FAU - Quinn, Ronald
AU  - Quinn R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20110723
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vaccine
JT  - Vaccine
JID - 8406899
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Biological Products)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic/*isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Biological Products/*isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
MH  - Humans
MH  - Vaccines/*immunology
EDAT- 2011/07/27 06:00
MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00
CRDT- 2011/07/27 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/07/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/07/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/07/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/07/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline]
AID - S0264-410X(11)01073-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.041 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vaccine. 2011 Sep 2;29(38):6464-71. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.041. Epub 2011 
      Jul 23.