PMID- 21803111
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120406
LR  - 20110907
IS  - 1096-0295 (Electronic)
IS  - 0273-2300 (Linking)
VI  - 61
IP  - 1
DP  - 2011 Oct
TI  - Skin irritation, false positives and the local lymph node assay: a guideline 
      issue?
PG  - 137-40
LID - 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.07.004 [doi]
AB  - Since the formal validation and regulatory acceptance of the local lymph node 
      assay (LLNA) there have been commentaries suggesting that the irritant properties 
      of substances can give rise to false positives. As toxicology aspires to progress 
      rapidly towards the age of in vitro alternatives, it is of increasing importance 
      that issues relating to assay selectivity and performance are understood fully, 
      and that true false positive responses are distinguished clearly from those that 
      are simply unpalatable. In the present review, we have focused on whether skin 
      irritation per se is actually a direct cause of true false positive results in 
      the LLNA. The body of published work has been examined critically and considered 
      in relation to our current understanding of the mechanisms of skin irritation and 
      skin sensitisation. From these analyses it is very clear that, of itself, skin 
      irritation is not a cause of false positive results. The corollary is, therefore, 
      that limiting test concentrations in the LLNA for the purpose of avoiding skin 
      irritation may lead, unintentionally, to false negatives. Where a substance is a 
      true false positive in the LLNA, the classic example being sodium lauryl 
      sulphate, explanations for that positivity will have to reach beyond the 
      seductive, but incorrect, recourse to its skin irritation potential.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Basketter, David A
AU  - Basketter DA
AD  - Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, 
      Oxford Road, Manchester M139PT, UK. dabmebconsultancyltd@me.com
FAU - Kimber, Ian
AU  - Kimber I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20110722
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
JT  - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP
JID - 8214983
RN  - 0 (Irritants)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology/pathology
MH  - *Dermatitis, Contact/immunology/pathology
MH  - False Positive Reactions
MH  - Guidelines as Topic
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Irritants
MH  - *Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Skin Diseases/*chemically induced/immunology/pathology
EDAT- 2011/08/02 06:00
MHDA- 2012/04/07 06:00
CRDT- 2011/08/02 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/07/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/07/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/08/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/08/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/04/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0273-2300(11)00149-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.07.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;61(1):137-40. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.07.004. 
      Epub 2011 Jul 22.