PMID- 21819791
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111206
LR  - 20190513
IS  - 1945-2403 (Electronic)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 8
DP  - 2010 Oct
TI  - Detection of 1-benzylpiperazine, 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine, and 
      1-(3-chlorophenyl)-piperazine in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-positive urine 
      samples.
PG  - 464-9
AB  - Historically, ecstasy tablets contained 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 
      as the psychoactive component. In recent years, the Drug Enforcement 
      Administration (DEA) and other law enforcement agencies have seized ecstasy 
      tablets that are comprised of psychoactive drugs or drug mixtures other than 
      MDMA. Many jurisdictions have reported the presence of piperazine derivatives 
      including 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine 
      (TFMPP), and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-piperazine (mCPP) in ecstasy tablets. These 
      piperazine derivatives produce stimulant and psychoactive effects similar to 
      those produced by MDMA, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. In many countries, 
      their use is not controlled, and therefore they have become a legal alternative 
      to MDMA. For this study, a targeted population of 251 MDMA-positive urine samples 
      were analyzed for designer drugs, including the piperazine derivatives. A basic 
      liquid-liquid extraction followed by pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) 
      derivatization and a full scan (m/z 42-550) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 
      analysis was used to screen the urine samples for 33 designer drugs. Overall, in 
      36% of the specimens analyzed, a stimulant or psychoactive compound other than 
      MDMA and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) was detected. BZP, TFMPP, and mCPP 
      were detected in 15%, 7%, and 1% of the samples, respectively.
FAU - Dickson, Amber J
AU  - Dickson AJ
AD  - Division of Forensic Toxicology, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Armed 
      Forces Institute of Pathology, Rockville, Maryland 20850-3125, USA. 
      amber.dickson@us.army.mil
FAU - Vorce, Shawn P
AU  - Vorce SP
FAU - Holler, Justin M
AU  - Holler JM
FAU - Lyons, Timothy P
AU  - Lyons TP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - J Anal Toxicol
JT  - Journal of analytical toxicology
JID - 7705085
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Designer Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Piperazines)
RN  - 3UG152ZU0E (1-benzylpiperazine)
RN  - 4764-17-4 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - REY0CNO998 (1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/*urine
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/*urine
MH  - Designer Drugs/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*urine
MH  - Piperazines/*urine
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/methods
MH  - Urinalysis
EDAT- 2010/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00
CRDT- 2011/08/09 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1093/jat/34.8.464 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Anal Toxicol. 2010 Oct;34(8):464-9. doi: 10.1093/jat/34.8.464.