PMID- 21840603
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120116
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 1934-8800 (Electronic)
IS  - 0163-6383 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 4
DP  - 2011 Dec
TI  - The association between observed non-verbal maternal responses at 12 months and 
      later infant development at 18 months and IQ at 4 years: a longitudinal study.
PG  - 525-33
LID - 10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.07.003 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: An infant's early environment has an important influence on their 
      development. For example, the sensitivity and warmth of a mother's responses 
      towards her infant is associated with the infant's later socio-emotional 
      development. However, it is less clear whether maternal responses are associated 
      with the infant's later cognitive development. METHOD: We used data from a large 
      UK cohort study to investigate the association between non-verbal maternal 
      responses and later infant development and IQ. Maternal responses were rated at 
      12 months during an observed mother-infant interaction. Infant development was 
      assessed using the Griffiths scales at 18 months and IQ at 4 years was assessed 
      using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Data on 
      the infant's developmental level at 6 months (prior to the maternal response 
      ratings) was also available. The complete case sample comprised 732 mother-infant 
      pairs. RESULTS: There was evidence for an association between positive maternal 
      responses and infant development at 18 months. After adjusting for infant 
      developmental level at 6 months and other confounders, we found a difference of 
      0.25 standard deviations (coef 2.0, 95% CI (0.8-3.2), p=0.002) on the Griffiths 
      scales between infant's whose mothers showed positive compared to neutral 
      non-verbal responses at 12 months. However, an association between positive 
      maternal responses and IQ at 4 years diminished following adjustment for maternal 
      educational attainment. CONCLUSION: The results provide evidence that positive 
      maternal responses are associated with improved development in infants at 18 
      months. However, the association between maternal response and IQ at 4 years may 
      be explained by higher educational attainment in mothers who show positive 
      responses. Future studies are needed to explore the influence of maternal 
      responses on different aspects of infant development as well as the role of 
      maternal factors such as education.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Pearson, R M
AU  - Pearson RM
AD  - School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, 
      Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom. 
      Rebecca.Pearson@bristol.ac.uk
FAU - Heron, J
AU  - Heron J
FAU - Melotti, R
AU  - Melotti R
FAU - Joinson, C
AU  - Joinson C
FAU - Stein, A
AU  - Stein A
FAU - Ramchandani, P G
AU  - Ramchandani PG
FAU - Evans, J
AU  - Evans J
LA  - eng
GR  - 092731/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - G9815508/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110815
PL  - United States
TA  - Infant Behav Dev
JT  - Infant behavior & development
JID - 7806016
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child Development/*physiology
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cognition/physiology
MH  - Educational Status
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Intelligence/*physiology
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - *Mother-Child Relations
MH  - Mothers/psychology
EDAT- 2011/08/16 06:00
MHDA- 2012/01/17 06:00
CRDT- 2011/08/16 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/06/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/07/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/08/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/08/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/01/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0163-6383(11)00079-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.07.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Infant Behav Dev. 2011 Dec;34(4):525-33. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.07.003. Epub 
      2011 Aug 15.