PMID- 21865380
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111121
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 21
DP  - 2011 Nov
TI  - Coreplication of the major genotype group members of porcine circovirus type 2 as 
      a prerequisite to coevolution may explain the variable disease manifestations.
PG  - 11111-20
LID - 10.1128/JVI.05156-11 [doi]
AB  - A member of the family Circoviridae, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), is 
      associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a recent 
      emerging disease worldwide. PCV2 is also found in clinically asymptomatic 
      animals. This paradoxical finding makes the syndrome etiology challenging. We 
      developed new assays to study PCV2 with links to syndrome etiology. For analysis, 
      we used PCV2-infected tissues from subclinically infected and diseased piglets. 
      We compared antigen- and PCV2 DNA-derived signals for tissue localization and 
      intensity. Oligonucleotides were designed to the signature motif of the PCV2 
      capsid open reading frame to discriminate experimentally between PCV2 genotype 
      groups by PCR, in situ hybridization (ISH), and fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH). Unexpectedly, all PCV2-infected animals carried both PCV2a 
      and PCV2b genotype group members. Using confocal microscopy, genotype single-cell 
      infections and cell superinfections were visible. Additionally, we discriminated 
      replicative DNA from total PCV2 DNA isoforms with FISH. This aided in our inquiry 
      into cellular genotype-specific replication. Importantly, single-genotype-group 
      replication was not observed. In infected cells with replicating virus, both 
      genotype groups were equally present. These findings suggest PCV2 genotype group 
      members relaxed replication regulation requirements and may even point to PCV2 
      replication cooperativity in vivo. These observations explain the readily seen 
      PCV2 DNA recombinations and the high overall PCV2 genome plasticity. Hence, we 
      suggest a novel mechanism of syndrome etiology that consists of a continuously 
      changing PCV2 genome pool in hosts and pig herds, posing a constant challenge to 
      the individual maturing immune system.
FAU - Khaiseb, Siegfried
AU  - Khaiseb S
AD  - Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Sydler, Titus
AU  - Sydler T
FAU - Zimmermann, Dieter
AU  - Zimmermann D
FAU - Pospischil, Andreas
AU  - Pospischil A
FAU - Sidler, Xaver
AU  - Sidler X
FAU - Brugnera, Enrico
AU  - Brugnera E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110824
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Capsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Capsid Proteins/genetics
MH  - Circovirus/classification/genetics/*growth & development/*pathogenicity
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Genotype
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome/*virology
MH  - Swine
MH  - *Virus Replication
PMC - PMC3194933
EDAT- 2011/08/26 06:00
MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00
PMCR- 2012/05/01
CRDT- 2011/08/26 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/08/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JVI.05156-11 [pii]
AID - 5156-11 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.05156-11 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 2011 Nov;85(21):11111-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.05156-11. Epub 2011 Aug 24.