PMID- 21872332
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120224
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 1090-2414 (Electronic)
IS  - 0147-6513 (Linking)
VI  - 74
IP  - 8
DP  - 2011 Nov
TI  - Toxicity of fluorotelomer carboxylic acids to the algae Pseudokirchneriella 
      subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris, and the amphipod Hyalella azteca.
PG  - 2260-7
LID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.034 [doi]
AB  - Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) have elicited significant global regulatory and 
      scientific concern due to their persistence and global pervasiveness. A source of 
      PFAs in the environment is through degradation of fluorotelomer carboxylic acids 
      (FTCAs) but little is known about the toxicity of these degradation products. 
      Previous work found that FTCAs were two to three orders of magnitude more toxic 
      to some freshwater invertebrates than their PFA counterparts and exhibited 
      comparable chain-length-toxicity relationships. In this study, we investigated 
      the toxicity of the 6:2, 8:2, and 10:2 saturated (FTsCA) and unsaturated (FTuCA) 
      fluorotelomer carboxylic acids to two species of freshwater algae, Chlorella 
      vulgaris and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and the amphipod, Hyalella azteca. 
      C. vulgaris was generally the most sensitive species, with EC(5)(0)s of 26.2, 31.8, 
      11.1, and 4.2 mg/L for the 6:2 FTsCA, 6:2 FTuCA, 8:2 FTuCA, and 10:2 FTsCA, 
      respectively. H. azteca was most sensitive to the 8:2 FTsCA and 10:2 FTuCA, with 
      LC(5)(0)s of 5.1 and 3.7 mg/L. The toxicity of the FTCAs generally increased with 
      increasing carbon chain length, and with saturation for most of the species 
      tested, with the exception of P. subcapitata, which did not exhibit any trend. 
      These observations agree with chain-length-toxicity relationships previously 
      reported for the PFCAs and support the greater toxicity of the FTCAs compared to 
      PFCAs. However, the toxicity values are approximately 1000-fold above those 
      detected in the environment indicating negligible risk to aquatic invertebrates.
CI  - Copyright A(c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mitchell, Rebecca J
AU  - Mitchell RJ
AD  - School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, 
      Canada.
FAU - Myers, Anne L
AU  - Myers AL
FAU - Mabury, Scott A
AU  - Mabury SA
FAU - Solomon, Keith R
AU  - Solomon KR
FAU - Sibley, Paul K
AU  - Sibley PK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110826
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
JT  - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
JID - 7805381
RN  - 0 (Carboxylic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphipoda/*drug effects
MH  - Animals
MH  - Carboxylic Acids/metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Chlorella vulgaris/*drug effects
MH  - Chlorophyta/*drug effects
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/*toxicity
MH  - Lethal Dose 50
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
EDAT- 2011/08/30 06:00
MHDA- 2012/03/01 06:00
CRDT- 2011/08/30 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/07/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/07/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/08/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/08/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/03/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0147-6513(11)00239-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.034 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2011 Nov;74(8):2260-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.034. 
      Epub 2011 Aug 26.