PMID- 21882082
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120411
LR  - 20240130
IS  - 1532-6551 (Electronic)
IS  - 1071-3581 (Print)
IS  - 1071-3581 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 6
DP  - 2011 Dec
TI  - The cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) approach to assessing myocardial viability.
PG  - 1095-102
LID - 10.1007/s12350-011-9441-5 [doi]
AB  - Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a noninvasive imaging method that can 
      determine myocardial anatomy, function, perfusion, and viability in a relative 
      short examination. In terms of viability assessment, CMR can determine viability 
      in a non-contrast enhanced scan using dobutamine stress following protocols 
      comparable to those developed for dobutamine echocardiography. CMR can also 
      determine viability with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) methods. The 
      gadolinium-based contrast agents used for LGE differentiate viable myocardium 
      from scar on the basis of differences in cell membrane integrity for acute 
      myocardial infarction. In chronic myocardial infarction, the scarred tissue 
      enhances much more than normal myocardium due to increases in extracellular 
      volume. LGE is well validated in pre-clinical and clinical studies that now span 
      from almost a cellular level in animals to human validations in a large 
      international multicenter clinical trial. Beyond infarct size or infarct 
      detection, LGE is a strong predictor of mortality and adverse cardiac events. CMR 
      can also image microvascular obstruction and intracardiac thrombus. When combined 
      with a measure of area at risk like T2-weighted images, CMR can determine infarct 
      size, area at risk, and thus estimate myocardial salvage 1-7 days after acute 
      myocardial infarction. Thus, CMR is a well validated technique that can assess 
      viability by gadolinium-free dobutamine stress testing or late gadolinium 
      enhancement.
FAU - Arai, Andrew E
AU  - Arai AE
AD  - Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, 
      National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 
      Bethesda, MD 20892-1061, USA. araia@nih.gov
LA  - eng
GR  - Z01 HL004607/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
GR  - Z01 HL004607-10/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
GR  - ZIA HL004607-11/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 1 Z01 HL004607-08 CE/CE/NCIPC CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Nucl Cardiol
JT  - Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of 
      Nuclear Cardiology
JID - 9423534
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
RN  - AU0V1LM3JT (Gadolinium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Contrast Media
MH  - *Gadolinium
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Angiography/*methods
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine/*methods
MH  - Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/*methods
MH  - Myocardial Stunning/*pathology
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - *Tissue Survival
PMC - PMC3501385
MID - NIHMS325592
EDAT- 2011/09/02 06:00
MHDA- 2012/04/12 06:00
PMCR- 2012/12/01
CRDT- 2011/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2011/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/04/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1071-3581(23)04332-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12350-011-9441-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Nucl Cardiol. 2011 Dec;18(6):1095-102. doi: 10.1007/s12350-011-9441-5.