PMID- 21895492
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120716
LR  - 20111130
IS  - 1937-3392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1937-3384 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 12
DP  - 2011 Dec
TI  - Characterization and optimization of cell seeding in scaffolds by factorial 
      design: quality by design approach for skeletal tissue engineering.
PG  - 1211-21
LID - 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0092 [doi]
AB  - Cell seeding into scaffolds plays a crucial role in the development of efficient 
      bone tissue engineering constructs. Hence, it becomes imperative to identify the 
      key factors that quantitatively predict reproducible and efficient seeding 
      protocols. In this study, the optimization of a cell seeding process was 
      investigated using design of experiments (DOE) statistical methods. Five seeding 
      factors (cell type, scaffold type, seeding volume, seeding density, and seeding 
      time) were selected and investigated by means of two response parameters, 
      critically related to the cell seeding process: cell seeding efficiency (CSE) and 
      cell-specific viability (CSV). In addition, cell spatial distribution (CSD) was 
      analyzed by Live/Dead staining assays. Analysis identified a number of 
      statistically significant main factor effects and interactions. Among the five 
      seeding factors, only seeding volume and seeding time significantly affected CSE 
      and CSV. Also, cell and scaffold type were involved in the interactions with 
      other seeding factors. Within the investigated ranges, optimal conditions in 
      terms of CSV and CSD were obtained when seeding cells in a regular scaffold with 
      an excess of medium. The results of this case study contribute to a better 
      understanding and definition of optimal process parameters for cell seeding. A 
      DOE strategy can identify and optimize critical process variables to reduce the 
      variability and assists in determining which variables should be carefully 
      controlled during good manufacturing practice production to enable a clinically 
      relevant implant.
FAU - Chen, Yantian
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - Laboratory for Skeletal Development and Joint Disorders, Katholieke Universiteit 
      Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
FAU - Bloemen, Veerle
AU  - Bloemen V
FAU - Impens, Saartje
AU  - Impens S
FAU - Moesen, Maarten
AU  - Moesen M
FAU - Luyten, Frank P
AU  - Luyten FP
FAU - Schrooten, Jan
AU  - Schrooten J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110906
PL  - United States
TA  - Tissue Eng Part C Methods
JT  - Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods
JID - 101466663
SB  - IM
MH  - Bone and Bones/*physiology
MH  - Cell Culture Techniques/*methods
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Survival
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Tissue Engineering/*methods/*standards
MH  - Tissue Scaffolds/*chemistry
EDAT- 2011/09/08 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/17 06:00
CRDT- 2011/09/08 06:00
PHST- 2011/09/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0092 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2011 Dec;17(12):1211-21. doi: 
      10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0092. Epub 2011 Sep 6.