PMID- 21907264 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120214 LR - 20131121 IS - 1872-7972 (Electronic) IS - 0304-3940 (Linking) VI - 504 IP - 1 DP - 2011 Oct 17 TI - Treadmill exercise and methylphenidate ameliorate symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder through enhancing dopamine synthesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in spontaneous hypertensive rats. PG - 35-9 LID - 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.052 [doi] AB - Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder of cognition. Behavioral symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise and methylphenidate (MPH) on activity and spatial learning memory in relation to dopamine synthesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression using spontaneously hypertensive adult male rats. The rats in the MPH-treated group received 1mg/kg MPH orally once a day for 28days. The rats in the treadmill exercise group were made to run on a treadmill for 30min once a day, five times a week, for 28days. Activity was determined by an open-field test and spatial learning memory was evaluated by an 8-arm maze test. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were conducted to examine the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine, and BDNF. The rats in the ADHD group showed hyperactivity and spatial learning memory deficit. Reduction of TH in the striatum and substantia nigra and BDNF in the hippocampus was observed of the rats in the ADHD group. Treadmill exercise and MPH alleviated the ADHD-induced hyperactivity and spatial learning memory impairment. Expressions of TH and BDNF in the ADHD rats were also increased by both treadmill exercise and MPH. These findings provide a possibility that exercise may be used as an effective therapeutic intervention for ADHD patients as MPH treatment. CI - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Kim, Hong AU - Kim H AD - Department of Oriental Sports Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea. FAU - Heo, Hong-Im AU - Heo HI FAU - Kim, Dong-Hyun AU - Kim DH FAU - Ko, Il-Gyu AU - Ko IG FAU - Lee, Su-Shin AU - Lee SS FAU - Kim, Sung-Eun AU - Kim SE FAU - Kim, Bo-Kyun AU - Kim BK FAU - Kim, Tae-Woon AU - Kim TW FAU - Ji, Eun-Sang AU - Ji ES FAU - Kim, Jae-Deung AU - Kim JD FAU - Shin, Mal-Soon AU - Shin MS FAU - Choi, Young-Woong AU - Choi YW FAU - Kim, Chang-Ju AU - Kim CJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110831 PL - Ireland TA - Neurosci Lett JT - Neuroscience letters JID - 7600130 RN - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) RN - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) RN - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate) RN - EC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase) RN - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy/metabolism/*therapy MH - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*biosynthesis MH - Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Combined Modality Therapy/methods/psychology MH - Corpus Striatum/drug effects/metabolism MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Dopamine/*biosynthesis MH - Hippocampus/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Maze Learning/drug effects MH - Memory/drug effects MH - Methylphenidate/*pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Motor Activity/drug effects MH - *Physical Conditioning, Animal MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Substantia Nigra/metabolism MH - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/biosynthesis EDAT- 2011/09/13 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/15 06:00 CRDT- 2011/09/13 06:00 PHST- 2011/04/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/08/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/08/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/09/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/09/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/15 06:00 [medline] AID - S0304-3940(11)01237-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.052 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Neurosci Lett. 2011 Oct 17;504(1):35-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.052. Epub 2011 Aug 31.