PMID- 21916747
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111121
LR  - 20141120
IS  - 1528-7394 (Print)
IS  - 0098-4108 (Linking)
VI  - 74
IP  - 21
DP  - 2011
TI  - Potential immunotoxicological health effects following exposure to COREXIT 9500A 
      during cleanup of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
PG  - 1419-30
LID - 10.1080/15287394.2011.606797 [doi]
AB  - Workers involved in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill cleanup efforts reported 
      acute pulmonary and dermatological adverse health effects. These studies were 
      undertaken to assess the immunotoxicity of COREXIT 9500A, the primary dispersant 
      used in cleanup efforts, as a potential causative agent. COREXIT 9500A and one of 
      its active ingredients, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), were evaluated using 
      murine models for hypersensitivity and immune suppression, including the local 
      lymph node assay (LLNA), phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node cells (DLN), 
      mouse ear swelling test (MEST), total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and the 
      plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. Dermal exposure to COREXIT 9500A and DSS induced 
      dose-responsive increases in dermal irritation and lymphocyte proliferation. The 
      EC3 values for COREXIT 9500A and DSS were 0.4% and 3.9%, respectively, resulting 
      in a classification of COREXIT 9500A as a potent sensitizer and DSS as a moderate 
      sensitizer. A T-cell-mediated mechanism underlying the LLNA was supported by 
      positive responses in the MEST assay for COREXIT and DSS, indicated by a 
      significant increase in ear swelling 48 h post challenge. There were no marked 
      alterations in total serum IgE or B220+/IgE+ lymph-node cell populations 
      following exposure to COREXIT 9500A. Significant elevations in interferon (IFN)-gamma 
      but not interleukin (IL)-4 protein were also observed in stimulated lymph node 
      cells. The absence of increases in IgE and IL-4 in the presence of enhanced 
      lymphocyte proliferation, positive MEST responses, and elevations in IFN-gamma 
      suggest a T-cell-mediated mechanism. COREXIT 9500A did not induce 
      immunosuppression in the murine model.
FAU - Anderson, Stacey E
AU  - Anderson SE
AD  - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 
      26505, USA. Sanderson4@cdc.gov
FAU - Franko, Jennifer
AU  - Franko J
FAU - Lukomska, Ewa
AU  - Lukomska E
FAU - Meade, B J
AU  - Meade BJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J Toxicol Environ Health A
JT  - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A
JID - 100960995
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Emulsifying Agents)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - 0 (corexit 9500)
RN  - 10041-19-7 (Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid/toxicity
MH  - Emulsifying Agents/*toxicity
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Environmental Restoration and Remediation/*adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Gulf of Mexico
MH  - Hypersensitivity/*etiology
MH  - Immune System Phenomena/*drug effects
MH  - Immune Tolerance/drug effects
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - Immunologic Tests
MH  - Lipids/*toxicity
MH  - Lymph Nodes/drug effects
MH  - Lymphocytes/drug effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - *Petroleum Pollution
EDAT- 2011/09/16 06:00
MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00
CRDT- 2011/09/16 06:00
PHST- 2011/09/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/15287394.2011.606797 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2011;74(21):1419-30. doi: 
      10.1080/15287394.2011.606797.