PMID- 21925560
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120208
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1873-2518 (Electronic)
IS  - 0264-410X (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 46
DP  - 2011 Oct 26
TI  - Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome (PRRS).
PG  - 8192-204
LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.013 [doi]
AB  - Vaccination is the principal means used to control and treat porcine reproductive 
      and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. An array of PRRS vaccine 
      products is available in various regions of the world. However, despite extensive 
      efforts, little progress has been made to improve efficacy since the first 
      introduction of a live, attenuated vaccine in 1994 in the USA. Key limitations 
      include: (a) uncertainty about the viral targets of protective immunity that 
      prevents a research focus on individual viral structures and proteins, and 
      frustrates efforts to design novel vaccines; (b) inability to establish clear 
      immunological correlates of protection that requires laborious in vivo challenge 
      models for evaluation of protection against challenge; and (c) the great genetic 
      diversity of PRRSV which requires that challenge experiments be interpreted 
      cautiously since it is not possible to predict how immunological protection 
      against one isolate will translate to broadly cross-protective immunity. 
      Economically significant levels of cross-protection that are provided to a 
      variety of field isolates still cannot assure that effective protection will be 
      conferred to isolates that might emerge in the future. In addition to these 
      substantial barriers to new PRRSV vaccine development, there are enormous gaps in 
      our understanding of porcine immunological mechanisms and processes that provide 
      immunity to PRRSV infection and memory responses for long-term protection. 
      Despite these impediments, we should be confident that progress will be made. 
      Sequencing of the swine genome is providing a rich source of primary knowledge of 
      gene structure and transcriptional regulation that is certain to reveal important 
      insights about the mechanisms of anti-PRRSV immunity, and continued efforts to 
      unravel the details of the interaction of PRRSV with pigs will lead to new 
      insights that overcome the current limitations in the field.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Murtaugh, Michael P
AU  - Murtaugh MP
AD  - Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. 
      Paul, MN, USA. murta001@umn.edu
FAU - Genzow, Marika
AU  - Genzow M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20110917
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vaccine
JT  - Vaccine
JID - 8406899
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*prevention & control/*therapy
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome 
      virus/classification/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Swine
MH  - United States
MH  - Viral Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology
EDAT- 2011/09/20 06:00
MHDA- 2012/02/09 06:00
CRDT- 2011/09/20 06:00
PHST- 2011/07/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/09/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/09/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/02/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0264-410X(11)01419-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vaccine. 2011 Oct 26;29(46):8192-204. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.013. Epub 
      2011 Sep 17.