PMID- 21935610
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120611
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1432-184X (Electronic)
IS  - 0095-3628 (Linking)
VI  - 63
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Apr
TI  - Quantifying Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) genome copies and expression during 
      transmission.
PG  - 596-604
LID - 10.1007/s00248-011-9937-1 [doi]
AB  - Understanding the pathogenic potential of a new pathogen strain or a known 
      pathogen in a new locale is crucial for management of disease in both wild and 
      farmed animals. The Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1), a known pathogen of 
      early-life-stage Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, has been associated with 
      mortalities of juvenile oysters in many locations around the world including 
      Tomales Bay, California. In two trials, the California OsHV-1 strain was 
      transmitted from infected juvenile C. gigas to naive C. gigas larvae. Survival of 
      control larvae was high throughout both trials (97-100%) and low among those 
      exposed to OsHV-1. No OsHV-1-exposed larvae survived to day 9 in trial 1, while 
      trial 2 was terminated at day 7 when survival was 36.90 +/- 8.66%. To assess the 
      amount of OsHV-1 DNA present, we employed quantitative polymerase chain reaction 
      (qPCR) assays based on the A fragment and OsHV-1 catalytic subunit of a DNA 
      polymerase delta (DNA pol) gene. Viral genome copy numbers based on qPCR assays 
      peaked between 3 and 5 days. To measure the presence of viable and actively 
      transcribing virus, the DNA pol gene qPCR assay was optimized for RNA analysis 
      after being reverse transcribed (RT-qPCR). A decline in virus gene expression was 
      measured using RT-qPCR: relative to earlier experimental time points copy numbers 
      were significantly lower on day 9, trial 1 (p < 0.05) and day 7, trial 2 (p < 
      0.05). Peaks in copies of active virus per genome occurred during two periods in 
      trial 1 (days 1 and 5/7, p < 0.05) and one period in trial 2 (day 1, p < 0.05). 
      Transmission electron microscopy confirmed OsHV-1 infection; herpesvirus-like 
      nucleocapsids, capsids, and extracellular particles were visualized. We 
      demonstrated the ability to transmit OsHV-1 from infected juvenile oysters to 
      naive larvae, which indicates the spread of OsHV-1 between infected hosts in the 
      field and between commercial farms is possible. We also developed an important 
      tool (OsHV-1-specific RT-qPCR for an active virus gene) for use in monitoring for 
      active virus in the field and in laboratory based transmission experiments.
FAU - Burge, Colleen A
AU  - Burge CA
AD  - School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, 
      Seattle, WA 98195, USA. cab433@cornell.edu
FAU - Friedman, Carolyn S
AU  - Friedman CS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20110921
PL  - United States
TA  - Microb Ecol
JT  - Microbial ecology
JID - 7500663
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Gene Dosage
MH  - *Genome, Viral
MH  - Herpesviridae/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Ostreidae/physiology/*virology
EDAT- 2011/09/22 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/12 06:00
CRDT- 2011/09/22 06:00
PHST- 2011/05/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/09/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00248-011-9937-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Microb Ecol. 2012 Apr;63(3):596-604. doi: 10.1007/s00248-011-9937-1. Epub 2011 
      Sep 21.