PMID- 21943922
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120703
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1873-3336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0304-3894 (Linking)
VI  - 211-212
DP  - 2012 Apr 15
TI  - Treatment of emerging contaminants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) 
      effluents by solar photocatalysis using low TiO2 concentrations.
PG  - 131-7
LID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.008 [doi]
AB  - The optimal photocatalyst concentration for industrial wastewater treatment in 
      current photoreactor designs is several hundreds of milligrams per liter. 
      However, the elimination of emerging contaminants (ECs), which are present at 
      extremely low concentrations in waste water treatment plants (WWTP) effluents 
      might be accomplished at much lower catalyst (TiO(2)) concentrations. One of the 
      main drawbacks of reducing catalyst loading below the optimum is the loss of 
      useful photons which instead are transmitted through the TiO(2) suspension 
      without being absorbed by the catalyst. Accordingly, in this work, laboratory and 
      solar pilot-scale experiments were performed with real WWTP effluents to evaluate 
      the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of 52 emerging contaminants under 
      realistic (ppb) concentrations. The analysis of the samples was accomplished by 
      solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 
      (LC-MS). In view of the results, low concentrations of TiO(2) of the order of 
      tens of milligrams per liter were found to be insufficient for the degradation of 
      the ECs in photoreactors with a short light-path length (29 cm). However, it was 
      established that solar reactors of diameters of several hundreds of millimetres 
      could be used for the efficient removal of ECs from WWTP effluents. The results 
      presented show a general methodology for selecting the most efficient reactor 
      diameter on the basis of the desired catalyst concentration.
CI  - Copyright A(c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Prieto-Rodriguez, L
AU  - Prieto-Rodriguez L
AD  - Plataforma Solar de Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senes Km 4, 04200 (Tabernas, 
      Almeria), Spain.
FAU - Miralles-Cuevas, S
AU  - Miralles-Cuevas S
FAU - Oller, I
AU  - Oller I
FAU - Aguera, A
AU  - Aguera A
FAU - Li Puma, G
AU  - Li Puma G
FAU - Malato, S
AU  - Malato S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110912
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hazard Mater
JT  - Journal of hazardous materials
JID - 9422688
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Catalysis
MH  - Photolysis
MH  - *Sunlight
MH  - Titanium/*chemistry
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid/*methods
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*chemistry/radiation effects
EDAT- 2011/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/04 06:00
CRDT- 2011/09/28 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/09/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/09/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0304-3894(11)01108-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hazard Mater. 2012 Apr 15;211-212:131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.008. 
      Epub 2011 Sep 12.