PMID- 21945234
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120224
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1872-7298 (Electronic)
IS  - 1567-133X (Print)
IS  - 1567-133X (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 8
DP  - 2011 Dec
TI  - Molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila single-minded larval central 
      brain expression.
PG  - 533-46
LID - 10.1016/j.gep.2011.09.002 [doi]
AB  - Developmental regulatory proteins are commonly utilized in multiple cell types 
      throughout development. The Drosophila single-minded (sim) gene acts as master 
      regulator of embryonic CNS midline cell development and transcription. However, 
      it is also expressed in the brain during larval development. In this paper, we 
      demonstrate that sim is expressed in three clusters of anterior central brain 
      neurons: DAMv1/2, BAmas1/2, and TRdm and in three clusters of posterior central 
      brain neurons: a subset of DPM neurons, and two previously unidentified clusters, 
      which we term PLSC and PSC. In addition, sim is expressed in the lamina and 
      medulla of the optic lobes. MARCM studies confirm that sim is expressed at high 
      levels in neurons but is low or absent in neuroblasts (NBs) and ganglion mother 
      cell (GMC) precursors. In the anterior brain, sim(+) neurons are detected in 1st 
      and 2nd instar larvae but rapidly increase in number during the 3rd instar stage. 
      To understand the regulation of sim brain transcription, 12 fragments 
      encompassing 5'-flanking, intronic, and 3'-flanking regions were tested for the 
      presence of enhancers that drive brain expression of a reporter gene. Three of 
      these fragments drove expression in sim(+) brain cells, including all sim(+) 
      neuronal clusters in the central brain and optic lobes. One fragment upstream of 
      sim is autoregulatory and is expressed in all sim(+) brain cells. One intronic 
      fragment drives expression in only the PSC and laminar neurons. Another 
      downstream intronic fragment drives expression in all sim(+) brain neurons, 
      except the PSC and lamina. Thus, together these two enhancers drive expression in 
      all sim(+) brain neurons. Sequence analysis of existing sim mutant alleles 
      identified three likely null alleles to utilize in MARCM experiments to examine 
      sim brain function. Mutant clones of DAMv1/2 neurons revealed a consistent axonal 
      fasciculation defect. Thus, unlike the embryonic roles of sim that control CNS 
      midline neuron and glial formation and differentiation, postembryonic sim, 
      instead, controls aspects of axon guidance in the brain. This resembles the roles 
      of vertebrate sim that have an early role in neuronal migration and a later role 
      in axonogenesis.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Freer, Stephanie M
AU  - Freer SM
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Molecular Biology and 
      Biotechnology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, 
      USA.
FAU - Lau, Daniel C
AU  - Lau DC
FAU - Pearson, Joseph C
AU  - Pearson JC
FAU - Talsky, Kristin Benjamin
AU  - Talsky KB
FAU - Crews, Stephen T
AU  - Crews ST
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 NS075079/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 HD025251-23/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 HD025251/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - S10 RR021055-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 HD046369/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - S10 RR021055/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20110914
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Gene Expr Patterns
JT  - Gene expression patterns : GEP
JID - 101167473
RN  - 0 (Drosophila Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/cytology/*embryology
MH  - Drosophila Proteins/*biosynthesis
MH  - Drosophila melanogaster
MH  - Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/*embryology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*physiology
MH  - Larva/cytology/metabolism
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/*biosynthesis
MH  - Neurons/cytology/metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/*physiology
PMC - PMC3200459
MID - NIHMS325620
EDAT- 2011/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2012/03/01 06:00
PMCR- 2012/12/01
CRDT- 2011/09/28 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/09/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/09/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/03/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1567-133X(11)00087-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.gep.2011.09.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Gene Expr Patterns. 2011 Dec;11(8):533-46. doi: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.09.002. Epub 
      2011 Sep 14.