PMID- 21952668
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121126
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1432-2072 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Print)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Linking)
VI  - 222
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Aug
TI  - MDMA (ecstasy) effects on actual driving performance before and after sleep 
      deprivation, as function of dose and concentration in blood and oral fluid.
PG  - 367-76
LID - 10.1007/s00213-011-2497-8 [doi]
AB  - RATIONALE: Experimental research has shown that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      (MDMA) can improve some psychomotor driving skills when administered during the 
      day. In real life, however, MDMA is taken during the night, and driving may 
      likely occur early in the morning after a night of "raving" and sleep loss. 
      OBJECTIVES: The present study assessed the effects of MDMA on road-tracking and 
      car-following performance in on-the-road driving tests in normal traffic. 
      METHODS: Sixteen recreational MDMA users participated in a randomized 
      double-blind placebo-controlled four-way cross-over design. They received single, 
      evening doses of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg MDMA on separate occasions. Actual driving 
      tests were conducted in the evening when MDMA serum concentrations were maximal 
      and in the morning after a night of sleep loss. RESULTS: The primary measure of 
      driving, i.e., standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP, a measure of 
      weaving) was significantly increased during driving tests in the morning in all 
      treatment conditions, irrespective of MDMA dose and concentration. The increments 
      in SDLP were of high clinical relevance and comparable to those observed for 
      alcohol at blood alcohol concentrations >0.8 mg/mL. These impairments were 
      primarily caused by sleep loss. CONCLUSIONS: In general, MDMA did not affect 
      driving performance nor did it change the impairing effects of sleep loss. It is 
      concluded that MDMA cannot compensate for the impairing effects of sleep loss and 
      that drivers who are under the influence of MDMA and sleep deprived are unfit to 
      drive.
FAU - Bosker, Wendy M
AU  - Bosker WM
AD  - Department Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 
      Wendy.bosker@maastrichtuniversity.nl
FAU - Kuypers, Kim P C
AU  - Kuypers KP
FAU - Conen, Silke
AU  - Conen S
FAU - Kauert, Gerold F
AU  - Kauert GF
FAU - Toennes, Stefan W
AU  - Toennes SW
FAU - Skopp, Gisela
AU  - Skopp G
FAU - Ramaekers, Johannes G
AU  - Ramaekers JG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110928
PL  - Germany
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
JT  - Psychopharmacology
JID - 7608025
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
CIN - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Aug;222(3):413-8. PMID: 22700041
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Automobile Driving
MH  - Binomial Distribution
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mouth Mucosa/metabolism
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*drug effects
MH  - Saliva/*metabolism
MH  - Sleep Deprivation/*psychology
PMC - PMC3395348
EDAT- 2011/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2012/12/10 06:00
PMCR- 2011/09/28
CRDT- 2011/09/29 06:00
PHST- 2011/05/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/09/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/12/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/09/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 2497 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-011-2497-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Aug;222(3):367-76. doi: 
      10.1007/s00213-011-2497-8. Epub 2011 Sep 28.