PMID- 21953419
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120803
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1528-3658 (Electronic)
IS  - 1076-1551 (Print)
IS  - 1076-1551 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 11-12
DP  - 2011
TI  - Differences in regional brain activation patterns assessed by functional magnetic 
      resonance imaging in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus stratified by 
      disease duration.
PG  - 1349-56
LID - 10.2119/molmed.2011.00185 [doi]
AB  - The mediators of tissue damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) such as 
      antibodies, cytokines and activated immune cells have direct access to most 
      organs in the body but must penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to gain 
      access to brain tissue. We hypothesized that compromise of the BBB occurs 
      episodically such that the brain will acquire tissue damage slowly and not at the 
      same rate as other organs. On the basis of these assumptions, we wished to 
      determine if duration of disease correlated with brain injury, as measured with 
      functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and if this was independent of 
      degree of tissue damage in other organs. We investigated differences in brain 
      activation patterns using fMRI in 13 SLE patients stratified by disease duration 
      of </=2 years (short-term [ST]) or >/=10 years (long-term [LT]). Two fMRI paradigms 
      were selected to measure working memory and emotional response (fearful faces 
      task). Performance in the working memory task was significantly better in the ST 
      group for one and two shape recall; however, both groups did poorly with three 
      shape recall. Imaging studies demonstrated significantly increased cortical 
      activation in the ST group in regions associated with cognition during the two 
      shape retention phase of the working memory task (P < 0.001) and increased 
      amygdala (P < 0.05) and superior parietal (P < 0.01) activation in response to 
      the fearful faces paradigm. In conclusion, analysis of activation patterns 
      stratified by performance accuracy, differences in co-morbid disease, 
      corticosteroid doses or disease activity suggests that these observed differences 
      are attributable to SLE effects on the central nervous system exclusive of 
      vascular disease or other confounding influences. Our hypothesis is further 
      supported by the lack of correlation between regional brain abnormalities on fMRI 
      and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) damage index.
FAU - Mackay, Meggan
AU  - Mackay M
AD  - Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Disease, The Feinstein Institute for 
      Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America. mmackay@nshs.edu
FAU - Bussa, Mathew P
AU  - Bussa MP
FAU - Aranow, Cynthia
AU  - Aranow C
FAU - Ulug, Aziz M
AU  - Ulug AM
FAU - Volpe, Bruce T
AU  - Volpe BT
FAU - Huerta, Patricio T
AU  - Huerta PT
FAU - Argyelan, Miklos
AU  - Argyelan M
FAU - Mandel, Arthur
AU  - Mandel A
FAU - Hirsch, Joy
AU  - Hirsch J
FAU - Diamond, Betty
AU  - Diamond B
FAU - Eidelberg, David
AU  - Eidelberg D
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 AI073693/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AR049126/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01AI073693/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110921
PL  - England
TA  - Mol Med
JT  - Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)
JID - 9501023
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Brain/*pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - *Brain Mapping
MH  - Face
MH  - Fear
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory, Short-Term
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Organ Specificity
MH  - Task Performance and Analysis
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3321819
EDAT- 2011/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/04 06:00
PMCR- 2011/09/21
CRDT- 2011/09/29 06:00
PHST- 2011/05/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/09/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/09/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/09/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molmed.2011.00185 [pii]
AID - 11_185_mackay [pii]
AID - 10.2119/molmed.2011.00185 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Med. 2011;17(11-12):1349-56. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00185. Epub 2011 Sep 
      21.