PMID- 21958369
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120208
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1557-8976 (Electronic)
IS  - 0882-8245 (Print)
IS  - 0882-8245 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 5
DP  - 2011 Oct
TI  - Correlations between vaccinia-specific immune responses within a cohort of armed 
      forces members.
PG  - 415-20
LID - 10.1089/vim.2011.0029 [doi]
AB  - Widespread vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) resulted in the eradication of 
      smallpox; however, the licensed VACV-containing vaccines are associated with 
      adverse events (AEs), making them unsuitable for certain high-risk populations. A 
      better understanding of the host immune response following smallpox vaccination 
      could result in vaccines with similar immunogenicity profiles to pre-eradication 
      vaccines with a lower incidence of AEs. To study the immune response to VACV, we 
      recruited 1,076 armed forces members who had been vaccinated with one dose of 
      Dryvax((R)). We measured multiple VACV-specific immune responses: neutralizing 
      antibody titer, the level of 12 secreted cytokines in peripheral blood 
      mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, 
      IL-12p70, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IL-18), and the number of IFN-gamma- and 
      CD8(+) IFN-gamma-secreting cells. We analyzed these data to determine correlations 
      between immune response measures. We detected a strong proinflammatory response 
      in concert with a Th-1-like cytokine response pattern at a median time point of 
      15.3 mo following primary vaccination. We also detected correlations between 
      neutralizing antibody titer and secreted IL-2, as well as secreted IFN-gamma (p=0.009 
      and p=0.0007, respectively). We also detected strong correlations between the 
      proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (p<0.0001). These 
      results further advance our knowledge of vaccinia-specific cellular immune 
      responses. Notably, vaccine-induced proinflammatory responses were not correlated 
      with neutralizing antibody titers, suggesting that further attenuation to reduce 
      inflammatory immune responses may result in decreased AEs without sacrificing 
      VACV immunogenicity and population seropositivity.
FAU - Umlauf, Benjamin J
AU  - Umlauf BJ
AD  - Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
FAU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G
AU  - Ovsyannikova IG
FAU - Haralambieva, Iana H
AU  - Haralambieva IH
FAU - Kennedy, Richard B
AU  - Kennedy RB
FAU - Vierkant, Robert A
AU  - Vierkant RA
FAU - Pankratz, V Shane
AU  - Pankratz VS
FAU - Jacobson, Robert M
AU  - Jacobson RM
FAU - Poland, Gregory A
AU  - Poland GA
LA  - eng
GR  - AI-40065/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20110929
PL  - United States
TA  - Viral Immunol
JT  - Viral immunology
JID - 8801552
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (DryVax vaccine)
RN  - 0 (Smallpox Vaccine)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies, Neutralizing/*blood
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Cytokines/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Cellular/*immunology
MH  - Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
MH  - Male
MH  - *Military Personnel
MH  - Smallpox Vaccine/administration & dosage/*immunology
MH  - Th2 Cells/immunology
MH  - Vaccination
MH  - Vaccinia/*immunology/prevention & control/virology
MH  - Vaccinia virus/*immunology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3236101
EDAT- 2011/10/01 06:00
MHDA- 2012/02/09 06:00
PMCR- 2012/10/01
CRDT- 2011/10/01 06:00
PHST- 2011/10/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/02/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1089/vim.2011.0029 [pii]
AID - 10.1089/vim.2011.0029 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Viral Immunol. 2011 Oct;24(5):415-20. doi: 10.1089/vim.2011.0029. Epub 2011 Sep 
      29.