PMID- 21964588
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120717
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1435-4373 (Electronic)
IS  - 0934-9723 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 6
DP  - 2012 Jun
TI  - The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related to HIV co-infections: a 
      review.
PG  - 919-27
LID - 10.1007/s10096-011-1413-9 [doi]
AB  - The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a consequence of an 
      excessive pathogen-specific immune recovery reaction and occurs in a subset of 
      patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Infective forms of IRIS may present 
      either as an 'unmasking' of a previously subclinical infection or the paradoxical 
      clinical deterioration of an infection for which the patient received appropriate 
      antimicrobial therapy. The most important risk factors for IRIS are a low CD4+ 
      T-cell count and a short time between treatment of the infection and the 
      commencement of ART. The general approach to the treatment of IRIS is to continue 
      ART and provide antimicrobial therapy for the provoking infection. The majority 
      of cases are self-limiting; however, mortality and hospitalisation rates are 
      particularly high when tuberculosis- or cryptococcal-IRIS affects the central 
      nervous system (CNS). Corticosteroid therapy should be considered in certain 
      forms of IRIS after the exclusion of other conditions that could explain the 
      inflammatory manifestations in the patients. Given that a low CD4+ T-cell count 
      is a major risk factor for the development of IRIS, commencing ART at a CD4+ 
      T-cell count of >350/muL will prevent most cases.
FAU - Huis in 't Veld, D
AU  - Huis in 't Veld D
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 
      Belgium. dhuisintveld@itg.be
FAU - Sun, H-Y
AU  - Sun HY
FAU - Hung, C-C
AU  - Hung CC
FAU - Colebunders, R
AU  - Colebunders R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20111002
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
JT  - European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official 
      publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
JID - 8804297
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Coinfection/*drug therapy/immunology/*pathology
MH  - HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
EDAT- 2011/10/04 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/18 06:00
CRDT- 2011/10/04 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/10/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10096-011-1413-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;31(6):919-27. doi: 
      10.1007/s10096-011-1413-9. Epub 2011 Oct 2.