PMID- 21966329
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111110
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1874-1045 (Electronic)
IS  - 1874-1045 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - Suppl 2
DP  - 2011
TI  - Medicinal Chemistry and Applications of Incretins and DPP-4 Inhibitors in the 
      Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
PG  - 82-92
LID - 10.2174/1874104501105010082 [doi]
AB  - Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over 200 
      million people worldwide. Approximately 90% of all diabetic patients suffer from 
      Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The world's economy coughs out billions of 
      dollars annually to diagnose, treat and manage patients with diabetes. It has 
      been shown that the naturally occurring gut hormones incretins, glucose-dependent 
      insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) can preserve 
      the morphology and function of pancreatic beta cell. In addition, GIP and GLP-1 
      act on insulin receptors to facilitate insulin-receptor binding, resulting in 
      optimal glucose metabolism. This review examines the medicinal chemistry and 
      roles of incretins, specifically, GLP-1 and drugs which can mimic its actions and 
      prevent its enzymatic degradation. The review discussed GLP-1 agonists such as 
      exenatide, liraglutide, taspoglutide and albiglutide. The paper also identified 
      and reviewed a number of inhibitors, which can block dipeptidyl peptidase 4 
      (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for the rapid degradation of GLP-1. These DPP-4 
      inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and many others which 
      are still in the experimental phase.
FAU - Lotfy, Mohamed
AU  - Lotfy M
AD  - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, UAE University.
FAU - Singh, Jaipaul
AU  - Singh J
FAU - Kalasz, Huba
AU  - Kalasz H
FAU - Tekes, Kornelia
AU  - Tekes K
FAU - Adeghate, Ernest
AU  - Adeghate E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110909
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Open Med Chem J
JT  - The open medicinal chemistry journal
JID - 101507899
PMC - PMC3174521
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DPP-4 inhibitors
OT  - Incretins
OT  - medicinal chemistry.
OT  - type 2 diabetes
EDAT- 2011/10/04 06:00
MHDA- 2011/10/04 06:01
PMCR- 2011/09/09
CRDT- 2011/10/04 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/03/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/03/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/10/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/10/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2011/09/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - TOMCJ-5-82 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1874104501105010082 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Open Med Chem J. 2011;5(Suppl 2):82-92. doi: 10.2174/1874104501105010082. Epub 
      2011 Sep 9.