PMID- 21966909
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111209
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 1462-2920 (Electronic)
IS  - 1462-2912 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 8
DP  - 2010 Aug
TI  - Diversity and host specificity of the Verminephrobacter-earthworm symbiosis.
PG  - 2142-51
LID - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02084.x [doi]
AB  - Symbiotic bacteria of the genus Verminephrobacter (Betaproteobacteria) were 
      detected in the nephridia of 19 out of 23 investigated earthworm species 
      (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and fluorescence in 
      situ hybridization (FISH). While all four Lumbricus species and three out of five 
      Aporrectodea species were densely colonized by a mono-species culture of 
      Verminephrobacter, other earthworm species contained mixed bacterial populations 
      with varying proportions of Verminephrobacter; four species did not contain 
      Verminephrobacter at all. The Verminephrobacter symbionts could be grouped into 
      earthworm species-specific sequence clusters based on their 16S rRNA and RNA 
      polymerase subunit B (rpoB) genes. Closely related host species harboured more 
      closely related symbionts than did distantly related hosts. Co-diversification of 
      the symbiotic partners could not be demonstrated unambiguously due to the poor 
      resolution of the host phylogeny [based on histone H3 and cytochrome c oxidase 
      subunit I (COI) gene sequence analyses]. However, there was a pattern of symbiont 
      diversification within four groups of closely related hosts. The mean rate of 
      symbiont 16S rRNA gene evolution was determined using a relaxed clock model, and 
      the rate was calibrated with paleogeographical estimates of the time of origin of 
      Lumbricid earthworms. The calibrated rates of symbiont 16S rRNA gene evolution 
      are 0.012-0.026 substitutions per site per 50 million years and thus similar to 
      rates reported from other symbiotic bacteria.
CI  - (c) 2009 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
FAU - Lund, Marie B
AU  - Lund MB
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 
      Denmark.
FAU - Davidson, Seana K
AU  - Davidson SK
FAU - Holmstrup, Martin
AU  - Holmstrup M
FAU - James, Sam
AU  - James S
FAU - Kjeldsen, Kasper U
AU  - Kjeldsen KU
FAU - Stahl, David A
AU  - Stahl DA
FAU - Schramm, Andreas
AU  - Schramm A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20091014
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Microbiol
JT  - Environmental microbiology
JID - 100883692
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Comamonadaceae/*genetics/growth & development
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Genes, Bacterial
MH  - Genes, rRNA
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Oligochaeta/*microbiology
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - *Symbiosis
EDAT- 2010/08/01 00:00
MHDA- 2011/12/14 06:00
CRDT- 2011/10/05 06:00
PHST- 2011/10/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/08/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02084.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Microbiol. 2010 Aug;12(8):2142-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02084.x. 
      Epub 2009 Oct 14.