PMID- 21968334
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120726
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1618-131X (Electronic)
IS  - 1438-4639 (Linking)
VI  - 215
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Feb
TI  - Mercury, lead and cadmium levels in the urine of 170 Spanish adults: a pilot 
      human biomonitoring study.
PG  - 191-5
LID - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.09.001 [doi]
AB  - Human biomonitoring is a well-recognized tool for estimating the exposure of 
      human populations to environmental pollutants. However, information regarding 
      biomarker concentrations of many environmental chemicals in the general 
      population is limited for many countries. The Spanish Environment Ministry has 
      recently funded a human biomonitoring study on the Spanish general population. 
      This study aims to determine reference levels for several biomarkers, especially 
      heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and cotinine, in urine, whole 
      blood, serum and hair, and will involve 2000 volunteers throughout Spain. Samples 
      were taken during 2009-2010 and analyses are currently underway. The results 
      presented herein were obtained in a pilot study carried out in the Madrid region. 
      The study group comprised 170 volunteers, of which 79% were female and 21% male 
      (age: 23-66 years). All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire 
      regarding diet and living habits and provides a morning urine sample. The 
      geometric means for total mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were 1.23, 
      1.11 and 0.25 mug/g creatinine, respectively. Levels of Pb and Hg were higher than 
      those reported for the general population in the USA and Germany, whereas Cd was 
      in the same range (CDC, 2009; Becker et al., 2003). The values reported here are 
      similar to those reported in other Spanish studies.
CI  - Copyright A(c) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
FAU - Castano, Argelia
AU  - Castano A
AD  - Environmental Toxicology, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto 
      de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2, Majadahonda, 28220, 
      Madrid, Spain. castano@isciii.es
FAU - Sanchez-Rodriguez, Jinny E
AU  - Sanchez-Rodriguez JE
FAU - Canas, Ana
AU  - Canas A
FAU - Esteban, Marta
AU  - Esteban M
FAU - Navarro, Carmen
AU  - Navarro C
FAU - Rodriguez-Garcia, Ana C
AU  - Rodriguez-Garcia AC
FAU - Arribas, Misericordia
AU  - Arribas M
FAU - Diaz, Gema
AU  - Diaz G
FAU - Jimenez-Guerrero, Jose A
AU  - Jimenez-Guerrero JA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20111002
PL  - Germany
TA  - Int J Hyg Environ Health
JT  - International journal of hygiene and environmental health
JID - 100898843
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - 00BH33GNGH (Cadmium)
RN  - 2P299V784P (Lead)
RN  - 8049-85-2 (Dental Amalgam)
RN  - FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cadmium/urine
MH  - Dental Amalgam/chemistry
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Epidemiological Monitoring
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lead/urine
MH  - Life Style
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Mercury/urine
MH  - Metals, Heavy/*urine
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Smoking/epidemiology
MH  - Spain/epidemiology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2011/10/05 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/27 06:00
CRDT- 2011/10/05 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/05/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/08/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/10/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1438-4639(11)00150-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.09.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2012 Feb;215(2):191-5. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.09.001. Epub 2011 Oct 2.