PMID- 21978366
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120202
LR  - 20240417
IS  - 1476-069X (Electronic)
IS  - 1476-069X (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2011 Oct 6
TI  - Perfluorinated compounds are related to breast cancer risk in Greenlandic Inuit: 
      a case control study.
PG  - 88
LID - 10.1186/1476-069X-10-88 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer for women in the western 
      world. From very few cases an extraordinary increase in BC was observed in the 
      Inuit population of Greenland and Canada although still lower than in western 
      populations. Previous data suggest that exposure to persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs) might contribute to the risk of BC. Rat studies showed that perfluorinated 
      compounds (PFCs) cause significantly increase in mammary fibroadenomas. This 
      study aimed at evaluating the association between serum levels of POPs/PFCs in 
      Greenlandic Inuit BC cases and their controls, and whether the combined POP 
      related effect on nuclear hormone receptors affect BC risk. METHODS: Thirty-one 
      BC cases and 115 controls were sampled during 2000-2003 from various Greenlandic 
      districts. The serum levels of POPs, PFCs, some metals and the combined serum POP 
      related effect on estrogen- (ER), androgen- (AR) and Ah-receptor (AhR) 
      transactivity were determined. Independent student t-test was used to compare the 
      differences and the odds ratios were estimated by unconditional logistic 
      regression models. RESULTS: We observed for the very first time a significant 
      association between serum PFC levels and the risk of BC. The BC cases also showed 
      a significantly higher concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls at the highest 
      quartile. Also for the combined serum POP induced agonistic AR transactivity 
      significant association to BC risk was found, and cases elicited a higher 
      frequency of samples with significant POP related hormone-like agonistic ER 
      transactivity. The AhR toxic equivalent was lowest in cases. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      level of serum POPs, particularly PFCs, might be risk factors in the development 
      of BC in Inuit. Hormone disruption by the combined serum POP related 
      xenoestrogenic and xenoandrogenic activities may contribute to the risk of 
      developing breast cancer in Inuit. Further investigations are needed to document 
      these study conclusions.
FAU - Bonefeld-Jorgensen, Eva C
AU  - Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC
AD  - Centre for Arctic Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Aarhus 
      University, Denmark. ebj@mil.au.dk
FAU - Long, Manhai
AU  - Long M
FAU - Bossi, Rossana
AU  - Bossi R
FAU - Ayotte, Pierre
AU  - Ayotte P
FAU - Asmund, Gert
AU  - Asmund G
FAU - Kruger, Tanja
AU  - Kruger T
FAU - Ghisari, Mandana
AU  - Ghisari M
FAU - Mulvad, Gert
AU  - Mulvad G
FAU - Kern, Peder
AU  - Kern P
FAU - Nzulumiki, Peter
AU  - Nzulumiki P
FAU - Dewailly, Eric
AU  - Dewailly E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20111006
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Health
JT  - Environmental health : a global access science source
JID - 101147645
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Metals)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Androgen)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Estrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/blood/*chemically induced/*epidemiology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/blood/*toxicity
MH  - Female
MH  - Fluorocarbons/blood/*toxicity
MH  - Greenland/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inuit
MH  - Metals/blood/*toxicity
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Receptors, Androgen/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Risk
PMC - PMC3203030
EDAT- 2011/10/08 06:00
MHDA- 2012/02/03 06:00
PMCR- 2011/10/06
CRDT- 2011/10/08 06:00
PHST- 2011/05/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/10/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/10/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/02/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/10/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1476-069X-10-88 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1476-069X-10-88 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Environ Health. 2011 Oct 6;10:88. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-10-88.