PMID- 21982415 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20120216 LR - 20220408 IS - 1549-4713 (Electronic) IS - 0161-6420 (Print) IS - 0161-6420 (Linking) VI - 119 IP - 1 DP - 2012 Jan TI - Demographic and geographic features of exfoliation glaucoma in 2 United States-based prospective cohorts. PG - 27-35 LID - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.018 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: To examine prospectively the association between demographic and geographic factors in relation to exfoliation glaucoma (EG) or exfoliation glaucoma suspect (EGS). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-eight thousand nine hundred fifty-five women in the Nurses' Health Study and 41 191 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. METHODS: Female and male health professionals were followed prospectively from 1980 through 2008 and from 1986 through 2008, respectively. Eligible participants were 40 years of age or older, did not have EG or EGS at baseline, and reported undergoing eye examinations during follow-up. Information regarding demographic features, lifetime geographic residence, and potential confounders was collected. During follow-up, 348 EG or EGS cases were confirmed with medical record review. The relative risk of EG or EGS in each cohort was estimated separately and the results were pooled with meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multivariate rate ratios (MVRRs) of EG or EGS and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Exfoliation glaucoma or EGS was strongly age related with subjects 75 years of age or older at 46.22-fold (95% CI, 22.77-93.80) increased risk compared with those between 40 and 55 years of age. Although men were 68% less likely to develop EG or EGS than women (MVRR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.23-0.46), no predisposition to EG or EGS by ancestry, particularly Scandinavian ancestry, emerged. Compared with a lifetime of living in the northern tier of the continental United States, lifetime residence in the middle geographic tier (MVRR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40-0.71) and in the southern geographic tier (MVRR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71) was associated with markedly reduced risks of EG or EGS. CONCLUSIONS: In this mainly white cohort from the United States, increasing age and female gender were significant risk factors for EG or EGS; however, Scandinavian heritage was not. Living in the middle or southern regions of the United States relative to living in the northern region was associated with a reduced risk of EG or EGS. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. CI - Copyright (c) 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Kang, Jae Hee AU - Kang JH AD - Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. FAU - Loomis, Stephanie AU - Loomis S FAU - Wiggs, Janey L AU - Wiggs JL FAU - Stein, Joshua D AU - Stein JD FAU - Pasquale, Louis R AU - Pasquale LR LA - eng GR - P01 CA087969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - EY015473/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - P01 CA055075/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - CA87969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY015473-07/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - CA55075/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY020928/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - K23 EY019511/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - EY09611/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY015473/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL035464/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - EY019511/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - HL35464/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY009611/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20111007 PL - United States TA - Ophthalmology JT - Ophthalmology JID - 7802443 SB - IM CIN - Ophthalmology. 2012 Jul;119(7):1499-500; author reply 1500. PMID: 22749094 MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Body Constitution MH - Exfoliation Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Eye Color MH - Family Health MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Geography MH - Glaucoma/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Health Personnel MH - Humans MH - Intraocular Pressure MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - Racial Groups MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Factors MH - United States/epidemiology PMC - PMC3251653 MID - NIHMS307612 COIS- No conflicting relationship exists for any author. EDAT- 2011/10/11 06:00 MHDA- 2012/02/18 06:00 PMCR- 2013/01/01 CRDT- 2011/10/11 06:00 PHST- 2011/03/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/06/13 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/06/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/10/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/10/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/02/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2013/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0161-6420(11)00561-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.018 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ophthalmology. 2012 Jan;119(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.018. Epub 2011 Oct 7.