PMID- 21993879
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121226
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1432-2072 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Linking)
VI  - 220
IP  - 4
DP  - 2012 Apr
TI  - Linking the pharmacological content of ecstasy tablets to the subjective 
      experiences of drug users.
PG  - 751-62
LID - 10.1007/s00213-011-2529-4 [doi]
AB  - RATIONALE: Most studies on the subjective effects of ecstasy are based on the 
      assumption that the substance that was taken is 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      (MDMA). However, many tablets sold as ecstasy contain other substances and MDMA 
      in varying doses. So far, few attempts have been made to take this into account 
      while assessing subjective effects. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to link the 
      pharmacological content of tablets sold as ecstasy to the subjective experiences 
      reported by ecstasy users. METHODS: Self-reported effects on ecstasy tablets were 
      available from 5,786 drug users who handed in their tablets for chemical analysis 
      at the Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) in the Netherlands. Logistic 
      regression was employed to link the pharmacological content of ecstasy tablets to 
      the self-reported subjective effects and compare effects with MDMA to other 
      substances present. RESULTS: MDMA showed a strong association with desirable 
      subjective effects, unparalleled by any other psychoactive substance. However, 
      the association of MDMA was dose-dependent, with higher doses (>120 mg/tablet) 
      likely to evoke more adverse effects. The novel psychostimulants mephedrone and 
      p-fluoroamphetamine were considered relatively desirable, whereas 
      meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and p-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) were 
      strongly associated with adverse subjective effects. Also, 
      3,4-methylene-dioxyamphetamine (MDA) and benzylpiperazine (BZP) were not 
      appreciated as replacement for MDMA. CONCLUSION: Linking the pharmacological 
      content of ecstasy sold on the street to subjective experiences contributes to a 
      better understanding of the wide range of subjective effects ascribed to ecstasy 
      and provides a strong rationale for the prolonged endurance of MDMA as the key 
      ingredient of the ecstasy market.
FAU - Brunt, Tibor M
AU  - Brunt TM
AD  - Drug Information and Monitoring System, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health 
      and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands. tbrunt@trimbos.nl
FAU - Koeter, Maarten W
AU  - Koeter MW
FAU - Niesink, Raymond J M
AU  - Niesink RJ
FAU - van den Brink, Wim
AU  - van den Brink W
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20111013
PL  - Germany
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
JT  - Psychopharmacology
JID - 7608025
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Tablets)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Users/*psychology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Netherlands
MH  - *Self Report
MH  - Tablets
EDAT- 2011/10/14 06:00
MHDA- 2012/12/27 06:00
CRDT- 2011/10/14 06:00
PHST- 2011/07/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/09/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/10/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/12/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-011-2529-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Apr;220(4):751-62. doi: 
      10.1007/s00213-011-2529-4. Epub 2011 Oct 13.