PMID- 22007913
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120417
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1557-8577 (Electronic)
IS  - 1549-1684 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 6
DP  - 2011 Dec
TI  - 5'-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase--mammalian target of 
      rapamycin axis as therapeutic target for age-related macular degeneration.
PG  - 651-60
LID - 10.1089/rej.2011.1220 [doi]
AB  - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common reason for blindness in 
      developed countries. AMD essentially involves chronic oxidative stress, increased 
      accumulation of lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and 
      extracellular drusen formation, as well as presence of chronic inflammation in 
      the retina. The capacity to prevent the accumulation of cellular cytotoxic 
      protein aggregates is decreased in senescent cells, which may evoke lipofuscin 
      accumulation into lysosomes in postmitotic RPE cells. The formation of 
      lipofuscin, in turn, decreases the lysosomal enzyme activity and impairs the 
      autophagic clearance of damaged proteins destined for cellular removal. 
      5'-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a well-known 
      inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that subsequently evokes 
      induction of autophagy. This review examines the novel potential therapeutic 
      targets on the AMPK-mTOR axis and the ways in which autophagy clearance can 
      suppress or prevent RPE degeneration and development of AMD.
FAU - Hyttinen, Juha M T
AU  - Hyttinen JM
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of 
      Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Juha.Hyttinen@uef.fi
FAU - Petrovski, Goran
AU  - Petrovski G
FAU - Salminen, Antero
AU  - Salminen A
FAU - Kaarniranta, Kai
AU  - Kaarniranta K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20111018
PL  - United States
TA  - Rejuvenation Res
JT  - Rejuvenation research
JID - 101213381
RN  - 0 (Lipofuscin)
RN  - 0 (Stilbenes)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases)
RN  - Q369O8926L (Resveratrol)
SB  - IM
MH  - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autophagy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation
MH  - Lipofuscin/chemistry
MH  - Lysosomes/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal/methods
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Resveratrol
MH  - Retina/metabolism
MH  - Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism
MH  - Stilbenes/pharmacology
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
EDAT- 2011/10/20 06:00
MHDA- 2012/04/18 06:00
CRDT- 2011/10/20 06:00
PHST- 2011/10/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/04/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1089/rej.2011.1220 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rejuvenation Res. 2011 Dec;14(6):651-60. doi: 10.1089/rej.2011.1220. Epub 2011 
      Oct 18.