PMID- 22008796
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120828
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 1464-0333 (Electronic)
IS  - 1464-0325 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 11
DP  - 2011 Nov
TI  - Measurement of environmental pollutants using passive sampling devices--a 
      commentary on the current state of the art.
PG  - 2979-82
LID - 10.1039/c1em10680e [doi]
AB  - Passive sampling devices have been used since the 1970s to measure time-weighted 
      average (TWA) or equilibrium concentrations of pollutants in various 
      environmental matrices (e.g. air, soils and sediments and water). In recent years 
      the popularity of using such samplers has increased and the technology in now 
      well established for the measurement of atmospheric pollutants. This sector has a 
      long experience of using passive samplers in the short- and long-term assessment 
      of air quality in the local environment and on a global scale (e.g. within the 
      United Nations Stockholm Convention on the trans-boundary movement of persistent 
      organic pollutants (POPs) where large networks of samplers on a continental scale 
      have been established). In comparison, the use of passive samplers for monitoring 
      the aquatic environment has been slower to take off. There has, however, been a 
      recent research drive to develop devices for measuring the wide range of 
      pollutants that can be found in environmental waters (e.g. ground, surface, and 
      marine). It is now being recognised that passive samplers can play a valuable 
      role in monitoring water quality within a legislative framework such as the 
      European Union's Water Framework Directive (WFD). The data from these devices can 
      be used alongside the results obtained from conventional spot or bottle sampling 
      to improve risk assessments and to inform decisions on undertaking potentially 
      expensive remedial actions. Such monitoring techniques may have uses within the 
      European Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & restriction of CHemicals 
      (REACH) Directive and the forthcoming European Marine Strategy Directive. It is 
      expected that the aquatic monitoring sector will follow a transition similar to 
      that which occurred in air monitoring where data obtained from passive samplers 
      can use used within a legal framework. There has also been increased interest in 
      extending the role of passive samplers to both the measurement of equilibrium 
      concentrations and investigating the movement and release of the dissolved 
      fraction of various pollutants in the pore water of sediments and soils.
FAU - Mills, Graham A
AU  - Mills GA
AD  - University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
FAU - Greenwood, Richard
AU  - Greenwood R
FAU - Vrana, Branislav
AU  - Vrana B
FAU - Allan, Ian J
AU  - Allan IJ
FAU - Ocelka, Tomas
AU  - Ocelka T
LA  - eng
PT  - Congress
DEP - 20111019
PL  - England
TA  - J Environ Monit
JT  - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM
JID - 100968688
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Calibration
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation/methods/standards
MH  - European Union
MH  - Observer Variation
MH  - Water Pollutants/*analysis
EDAT- 2011/10/20 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/29 06:00
CRDT- 2011/10/20 06:00
PHST- 2011/10/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1039/c1em10680e [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Environ Monit. 2011 Nov;13(11):2979-82. doi: 10.1039/c1em10680e. Epub 2011 Oct 
      19.