PMID- 22018392
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111110
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1746-4358 (Electronic)
IS  - 1746-4358 (Linking)
VI  - 6
DP  - 2011 Oct 21
TI  - Trends in breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in Pakistan, 
      1990-2007.
PG  - 15
LID - 10.1186/1746-4358-6-15 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices have profound 
      implications for the maternal and child health status of a society. Feeding 
      practices in Pakistan are suboptimal, leading to adverse outcomes on child 
      health. In Pakistan, the Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) Program, in 
      collaboration with several international organizations, including WHO and UNICEF, 
      is working to improve these feeding practices in the country. The aim of this 
      paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs. METHODS: Estimates on 
      the various indicators for infant and young child feeding proposed by WHO were 
      analyzed in light of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (1990-91 and 
      2006-07) and several other national studies conducted since 1995. RESULTS: Nearly 
      half the core and optional indicators have improved over the years, though 
      modestly; the others have demonstrated no statistically significant improvement 
      over the years. Of the five indicators required in the WHO tool for the 
      assessment of infant and young child feeding, introduction of complementary 
      foods, bottle-feeding, and early initiation of breastfeeding, stand in the poor 
      category, while exclusive breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding fall in the 
      fair category, suggesting an overall poor status. CONCLUSIONS: There is 
      considerable scope to improve breastfeeding and complementary feeding in 
      Pakistan. Further programs should focus on improving the following indicators 
      that have shown no significant development: early initiation of breastfeeding, 
      exclusive breastfeeding under six months, continued breastfeeding at two years, 
      age appropriate feeding, and bottle feeding. Effective implementation of 
      interventions that are known to improve breastfeeding practices is imperative, as 
      is further research to yield data that can lead future endeavors.
FAU - Hanif, Hafsa Muhammad
AU  - Hanif HM
AD  - Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Karachi 
      74400, Pakistan. hafsa_hmh@hotmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20111021
PL  - England
TA  - Int Breastfeed J
JT  - International breastfeeding journal
JID - 101251562
PMC - PMC3207870
EDAT- 2011/10/25 06:00
MHDA- 2011/10/25 06:01
PMCR- 2011/10/21
CRDT- 2011/10/25 06:00
PHST- 2010/11/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/10/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/10/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/10/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/10/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2011/10/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1746-4358-6-15 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1746-4358-6-15 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int Breastfeed J. 2011 Oct 21;6:15. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-6-15.