PMID- 22053152
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111110
LR  - 20220309
IS  - 1662-5161 (Electronic)
IS  - 1662-5161 (Linking)
VI  - 5
DP  - 2011
TI  - Preliminary Evidence of Pre-Attentive Distinctions of Frequency-Modulated Tones 
      that Convey Affect.
PG  - 96
LID - 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00096 [doi]
LID - 96
AB  - Recognizing emotion is an evolutionary imperative. An early stage of auditory 
      scene analysis involves the perceptual grouping of acoustic features, which can 
      be based on both temporal coincidence and spectral features such as perceived 
      pitch. Perceived pitch, or fundamental frequency (F(0)), is an especially salient 
      cue for differentiating affective intent through speech intonation (prosody). We 
      hypothesized that: (1) simple frequency-modulated tone abstractions, based on the 
      parameters of actual prosodic stimuli, would be reliably classified as 
      representing differing emotional categories; and (2) that such differences would 
      yield significant mismatch negativities (MMNs) - an index of pre-attentive 
      deviance detection within the auditory environment. We constructed a set of FM 
      tones that approximated the F(0) mean and variation of reliably recognized happy 
      and neutral prosodic stimuli. These stimuli were presented to 13 subjects using a 
      passive listening oddball paradigm. We additionally included stimuli with no 
      frequency modulation (FM) and FM tones with identical carrier frequencies but 
      differing modulation depths as control conditions. Following electrophysiological 
      recording, subjects were asked to identify the sounds they heard as happy, sad, 
      angry, or neutral. We observed that FM tones abstracted from happy and 
      no-expression speech stimuli elicited MMNs. Post hoc behavioral testing revealed 
      that subjects reliably identified the FM tones in a consistent manner. Finally, 
      we also observed that FM tones and no-FM tones elicited equivalent MMNs. MMNs to 
      FM tones that differentiate affect suggests that these abstractions may be 
      sufficient to characterize prosodic distinctions, and that these distinctions can 
      be represented in pre-attentive auditory sensory memory.
FAU - Leitman, David I
AU  - Leitman DI
AD  - Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania 
      School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA.
FAU - Sehatpour, Pejman
AU  - Sehatpour P
FAU - Garidis, Christina
AU  - Garidis C
FAU - Gomez-Ramirez, Manuel
AU  - Gomez-Ramirez M
FAU - Javitt, Daniel C
AU  - Javitt DC
LA  - eng
GR  - F31 MH067339/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K02 MH001439/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH049334/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 MH049334/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20111003
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Hum Neurosci
JT  - Frontiers in human neuroscience
JID - 101477954
PMC - PMC3205480
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MMN
OT  - auditory
OT  - cortex
OT  - emotion
OT  - frequency modulation
OT  - mismatch negativity
OT  - speech
EDAT- 2011/11/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/11/05 06:01
PMCR- 2011/01/01
CRDT- 2011/11/05 06:00
PHST- 2011/03/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/11/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/11/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/11/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2011/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00096 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Hum Neurosci. 2011 Oct 3;5:96. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00096. eCollection 
      2011.