PMID- 22067112
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120905
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1536-4801 (Electronic)
IS  - 0277-2116 (Print)
IS  - 0277-2116 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Mar
TI  - Reduced carbohydrate diet to improve metabolic outcomes and decrease adiposity in 
      obese peripubertal African American girls.
PG  - 336-42
LID - 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31823df207 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Obesity prevalence among African American (AA) girls is higher than 
      that in other groups. Because typical energy-restriction obesity treatment 
      strategies have had limited success, alterations in macronutrient composition may 
      effectively improve metabolic outcomes in this population and affect future body 
      composition trajectories. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a 
      moderately restricted carbohydrate (CHO) versus a standard CHO diet on weight/fat 
      loss and metabolic parameters in overweight/obese AA girls ages 9 to 14 years. 
      METHODS: A total of 26 AA girls (ranging from 92nd body mass index percentile and 
      above) were assigned to either a reduced- (SPEC: 42% energy from CHO, n = 12) or 
      a standard- (STAN: 55% of energy from CHO, n = 14) CHO diet (protein held 
      constant) for 16 weeks. All of the meals were provided and clinically tailored to 
      meet the estimated energy requirements (resting energy expenditure x 1.2 in 
      eucaloric phase and resting energy expenditure x 1.2 - 1000 kcal in energy 
      deficit phase). The first 5 weeks encompassed a eucaloric phase evaluating 
      metabolic changes in the absence of weight change. The subsequent 11 weeks were 
      hypocaloric (1000 kcal/day deficit) to promote weight/fat loss. Meal tests were 
      performed during the eucaloric phase for metabolic analyses. Dual-energy x-ray 
      absorptiometry was used to evaluate body composition. RESULTS: Both groups 
      experienced reductions in weight/adiposity, but the difference did not reach 
      significance. The solid meal test indicated improved glucose/insulin homeostasis 
      on the SPEC diet up to 3 hours postingestion. In addition, significantly lower 
      triglycerides (P < 0.001) were observed on the SPEC diet. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary 
      CHO reduction favorably influences metabolic parameters but did not result in 
      greater weight/fat loss relative to a standard diet in obese AA girls. Future 
      research is needed to determine long-term effectiveness of a reduced CHO diet on 
      glucose and insulin homeostasis and how it may apply to weight maintenance/fat 
      loss during development alone and/or in combination with additional weight 
      loss/metabolic improvement strategies.
FAU - Casazza, Krista
AU  - Casazza K
AD  - Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA. 
      kristac@uab.edu
FAU - Cardel, Michelle
AU  - Cardel M
FAU - Dulin-Keita, Akilah
AU  - Dulin-Keita A
FAU - Hanks, Lynae J
AU  - Hanks LJ
FAU - Gower, Barbara A
AU  - Gower BA
FAU - Newton, Anna L
AU  - Newton AL
FAU - Wallace, Stephenie
AU  - Wallace S
LA  - eng
GR  - P60DK079626/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K99 DK083333/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R25 CA047888/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K99 DK083333-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P60 DK079626/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - CA-47888/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 DK056336/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R00 DK083333/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
JT  - Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
JID - 8211545
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Absorptiometry, Photon
MH  - Adipose Tissue/*metabolism
MH  - Adiposity
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Black or African American
MH  - Blood Glucose/*metabolism
MH  - Child
MH  - *Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
MH  - Diet, Reducing
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/*blood
MH  - Obesity/ethnology/*prevention & control
MH  - Postprandial Period
MH  - Puberty
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Triglycerides/blood
MH  - *Weight Loss
PMC - PMC3288466
MID - NIHMS339768
COIS- Conflicts of interest: None
EDAT- 2011/11/10 06:00
MHDA- 2012/09/06 06:00
PMCR- 2013/03/01
CRDT- 2011/11/10 06:00
PHST- 2011/11/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/11/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/09/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31823df207 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Mar;54(3):336-42. doi: 
      10.1097/MPG.0b013e31823df207.