PMID- 22073315
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120326
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 11
DP  - 2011
TI  - KIR-HLA genotypes in HIV-infected patients lacking immunological recovery despite 
      effective antiretroviral therapy.
PG  - e27349
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0027349 [doi]
LID - e27349
AB  - BACKGROUND: In HIV-infected individuals, mechanisms underlying unsatisfactory 
      immune recovery during effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have 
      yet to be fully understood. We investigated whether polymorphism of genes 
      encoding immune-regulating molecules, such as killer immunoglobulin-like 
      receptors (KIR) and their ligands class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA), could 
      influence immunological response to cART. METHODS: KIR and HLA frequencies were 
      analyzed in 154 HIV-infected and cART-treated patients with undetectable viral 
      load divided into two groups: 'immunological non responders' (INR, N = 50, CD4(+) 
      T-cell count <200/mm(3)) and full responders (FR, N = 104, CD4(+) T-cell count 
      >350/mm(3)). Molecular KIR were typed using polymerase chain reaction-based 
      genotyping. Comparisons were adjusted for baseline patient characteristics. 
      RESULTS: The frequency of KIR2DL3 allele was significantly higher in FR than in 
      INR (83.7% vs. 62%, P = 0.005). The functional compound genotype 
      HLA-C1(+)/KIR2DL3(+), even at multivariable analysis, when adjusted for nadir 
      CD4(+) T-cell count, was associated with reduced risk of INR status: odds ratio 
      (95% Confidence Intervals) 0.34 (0.13-0.88), P = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced 
      presence of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 genotype detected in INR might provoke an 
      imbalance in NK function, possibly leading to increased immune activation, 
      impaired killing of latently infected cells, and higher proviral burden. These 
      factors would hinder full immune recovery during therapy.
FAU - Soria, Alessandro
AU  - Soria A
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, San Gerardo 
      Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. a.soria@hsgerardo.org
FAU - Guerini, Franca Rosa
AU  - Guerini FR
FAU - Bandera, Alessandra
AU  - Bandera A
FAU - Bolognesi, Elisabetta
AU  - Bolognesi E
FAU - Uglietti, Alessia
AU  - Uglietti A
FAU - Fusco, Caterina
AU  - Fusco C
FAU - Zucchi, Patrizia
AU  - Zucchi P
FAU - Maserati, Renato
AU  - Maserati R
FAU - Rizzardini, Giuliano
AU  - Rizzardini G
FAU - Clerici, Mario
AU  - Clerici M
FAU - Gori, Andrea
AU  - Gori A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20111103
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HIV Infections/*drug therapy/genetics/immunology
MH  - HLA Antigens/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Viral Load
PMC - PMC3207876
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2011/11/11 06:00
MHDA- 2012/03/27 06:00
PMCR- 2011/11/03
CRDT- 2011/11/11 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/10/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/11/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/11/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/03/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/11/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-11-05923 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0027349 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27349. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027349. Epub 2011 Nov 3.