PMID- 22093762
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120221
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1471-2148 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2148 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2011 Nov 17
TI  - Evolutionary maintenance of filovirus-like genes in bat genomes.
PG  - 336
LID - 10.1186/1471-2148-11-336 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Little is known of the biological significance and evolutionary 
      maintenance of integrated non-retroviral RNA virus genes in eukaryotic host 
      genomes. Here, we isolated novel filovirus-like genes from bat genomes and tested 
      for evolutionary maintenance. We also estimated the age of filovirus VP35-like 
      gene integrations and tested the phylogenetic hypotheses that there is a 
      eutherian mammal clade and a marsupial/ebolavirus/Marburgvirus dichotomy for 
      filoviruses. RESULTS: We detected homologous copies of VP35-like and NP-like gene 
      integrations in both Old World and New World species of Myotis (bats). We also 
      detected previously unknown VP35-like genes in rodents that are positionally 
      homologous. Comprehensive phylogenetic estimates for filovirus NP-like and 
      VP35-like loci support two main clades with a marsupial and a rodent grouping 
      within the ebolavirus/Lloviu virus/Marburgvirus clade. The concordance of 
      VP35-like, NP-like and mitochondrial gene trees with the expected species tree 
      supports the notion that the copies we examined are orthologs that predate the 
      global spread and radiation of the genus Myotis. Parametric simulations were 
      consistent with selective maintenance for the open reading frame (ORF) of 
      VP35-like genes in Myotis. The ORF of the filovirus-like VP35 gene has been 
      maintained in bat genomes for an estimated 13. 4 MY. ORFs were disrupted for the 
      NP-like genes in Myotis. Likelihood ratio tests revealed that a model that 
      accommodates positive selection is a significantly better fit to the data than a 
      model that does not allow for positive selection for VP35-like sequences. 
      Moreover, site-by-site analysis of selection using two methods indicated at least 
      25 sites in the VP35-like alignment are under positive selection in Myotis. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that filovirus-like elements have significance 
      beyond genomic imprints of prior infection. That is, there appears to be, or have 
      been, functionally maintained copies of such genes in mammals. "Living fossils" 
      of filoviruses appear to be selectively maintained in a diverse mammalian genus 
      (Myotis).
FAU - Taylor, Derek J
AU  - Taylor DJ
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 
      Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. djtaylor@buffalo.edu
FAU - Dittmar, Katharina
AU  - Dittmar K
FAU - Ballinger, Matthew J
AU  - Ballinger MJ
FAU - Bruenn, Jeremy A
AU  - Bruenn JA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20111117
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Evol Biol
JT  - BMC evolutionary biology
JID - 100966975
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chiroptera/*genetics/*microbiology
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Filoviridae/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Genome
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Virus Integration
PMC - PMC3229293
EDAT- 2011/11/19 06:00
MHDA- 2012/02/22 06:00
PMCR- 2011/11/17
CRDT- 2011/11/19 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/11/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/11/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/11/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/02/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/11/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1471-2148-11-336 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1471-2148-11-336 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Evol Biol. 2011 Nov 17;11:336. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-336.