PMID- 22129785
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120723
LR  - 20120206
IS  - 1873-2534 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-2427 (Linking)
VI  - 145
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2012 Jan 15
TI  - BT cationic peptides: small peptides that modulate innate immune responses of 
      chicken heterophils and monocytes.
PG  - 151-8
LID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.10.023 [doi]
AB  - Neonatal poultry exhibit a transient susceptibility to infectious diseases during 
      the first week of life that stems from inefficient host defense mechanisms. Yet, 
      the initial host immune response to pathogens is a critical determinant of 
      disease resistance and susceptibility. With this context in mind, novel ways to 
      stimulate or modulate the hosts' natural immune response is emerging as an 
      important area of interest for food animal producers including the poultry 
      industry. Specifically, we have been investigating new modulation strategies 
      tailored around the selective stimulation of the host's immune system, and 
      particularly rapid acting innate immunity, as an alternative to direct targeting 
      of microbial pathogens. One such approach that we have been investigating is the 
      use of a group of cationic peptides produced by a Gram-positive soil bacterium, 
      Brevibacillus texasporus (BT peptides). We have previously shown that, provided 
      as a feed additive, BT peptides significantly induced a concentration-dependent 
      protection against cecal colonization and extraintestinal colonization by 
      Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). This protection is not the result 
      of direct antibacterial activity of the BT peptides on the SE since the 
      concentrations used were below the minimum inhibitory concentration for SE. We 
      also found that BT are not absorbed in the intestine, but still induce a 
      significant up-regulation in the functional efficiency of peripheral blood 
      heterophils and monocytes. The mechanisms of this immune modulation are unknown. 
      Here, using in vitro models for measuring: (1) leukocyte oxidative burst, (2) 
      changes in leukocyte cytokine and chemokines gene expression profiles, and (3) 
      phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in leukocytes, 
      we evaluated the role of BT peptides as priming mediators for heterophil and 
      monocyte responses at the level of cell function, gene transcription/expression, 
      and cell phosphorylation following stimulation with inflammatory agonists. BT 
      peptides primed both heterophils and monocytes for an increased oxidative burst 
      and up-regulation in transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and 
      IL-6 and inflammatory chemokines CXCLi1 and CXCLi2 induced by inflammatory 
      agonists. In addition, BT peptides induced a rapid (10min) phosphorylation and 
      activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 kinase 
      pathways in primary chicken heterophils. Taken together, we conclude that BT 
      peptides, acting through MAPK pathways, enhance leukocyte functional and 
      pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene transcription activities. These 
      small cationic peptides may prove useful as immune modulators in neonatal 
      poultry.
CI  - Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Kogut, Michael H
AU  - Kogut MH
AD  - Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 
      77845, USA. mike.kogut@ars.usda.gov
FAU - Genovese, Kenneth J
AU  - Genovese KJ
FAU - He, Haiqi
AU  - He H
FAU - Swaggerty, Christina L
AU  - Swaggerty CL
FAU - Jiang, Yi Wei
AU  - Jiang YW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20111106
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol
JT  - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
JID - 8002006
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Heterophile)
RN  - 0 (Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Food Additives)
RN  - EC 2.7.12.2 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Heterophile/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*pharmacology
MH  - Brevibacillus/*metabolism
MH  - Chickens/immunology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Food Additives/*pharmacology
MH  - Immunity, Innate/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Monocytes/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Poultry Diseases/microbiology/prevention & control
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
MH  - Respiratory Burst/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Salmonella enteritidis/immunology
EDAT- 2011/12/02 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/24 06:00
CRDT- 2011/12/02 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/10/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/10/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/12/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/12/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0165-2427(11)00430-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.10.023 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2012 Jan 15;145(1-2):151-8. doi: 
      10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.10.023. Epub 2011 Nov 6.