PMID- 22138287
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120507
LR  - 20240109
IS  - 1879-3150 (Electronic)
IS  - 0041-0101 (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Feb
TI  - Investigations into matrix components affecting the performance of the official 
      bioassay reference method for quantitation of paralytic shellfish poisoning 
      toxins in oysters.
PG  - 215-30
LID - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.013 [doi]
AB  - Significant differences previously observed in the determination of paralytic 
      shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs) in oysters using official method AOAC 2005.06 
      and 959.08 were investigated in detail with regard to possible matrix effects. 
      Method AOAC 2005.06 gave results 2-3 times higher than the mouse bioassay method, 
      959.08, differences thought to be due to underestimation of PSTs by the mouse 
      bioassay. In order to prove the cause of these large differences, work was 
      conducted here to examine the presence and effects of matrix components on the 
      performance of each of the two assays. A range of oyster, cockle and mussel 
      samples were extracted using the AOAC 959.08 hydrochloric acid (HCl) extraction 
      method and analysed for PSP by both MBA and LC-FLD. In addition, extracts were 
      analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for metals as 
      well as being subjected to a range of nutritional testing methods. Whilst there 
      was no evidence for effect of nutritional components on either assay, ICP-MS 
      analysis revealed a relationship between samples exhibiting the largest 
      differences in relative method performance, specifically those with the largest 
      LC-FLD/MBA toxicity ratio, and samples containing the highest concentrations of 
      zinc and manganese. In order to prove the potential effect of the metals on 
      either the LC-FLD and/or MBA assays, HCl extracts of a range of shellfish were 
      subjected to a number of matrix modifications. Firstly, a number of PSP-positive 
      oyster samples were processed to reduce the concentrations of metals within the 
      extracts, without significantly reducing the concentrations of PSTs. Secondly, a 
      range of mussel and cockle extracts, plus a standard solution of saxitoxin 
      di-hydrochloride were spiked at variable concentrations of zinc. All treated and 
      non-treated extracts, plus a number of controls were subjected to ICP-MS, LC-FLD 
      and MBA testing. Results proved the absence of any effect of metals on the 
      performance of the LC-FLD, whilst showing a large suppressive effect of the 
      metals on the MBA. As such, the results show the performance of the official MBA 
      is potentially unsafe for application to the routine monitoring of PSP toxicity 
      in oysters or in any other shellfish found to contain high concentrations of 
      metal ions.
CI  - Crown Copyright (c) 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Turner, Andrew D
AU  - Turner AD
AD  - Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, 
      The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK. andrew.turner@cefas.co.uk
FAU - Dhanji-Rapkova, Monika
AU  - Dhanji-Rapkova M
FAU - Algoet, Myriam
AU  - Algoet M
FAU - Suarez-Isla, Benjamin A
AU  - Suarez-Isla BA
FAU - Cordova, Marco
AU  - Cordova M
FAU - Caceres, Catherine
AU  - Caceres C
FAU - Murphy, Cory J
AU  - Murphy CJ
FAU - Casey, Melanie
AU  - Casey M
FAU - Lees, David N
AU  - Lees DN
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20111125
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicon
JT  - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
JID - 1307333
RN  - 0 (Marine Toxins)
RN  - 35523-89-8 (Saxitoxin)
RN  - J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Assay/*methods
MH  - Cardiidae/chemistry
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - Food Analysis/*methods
MH  - Marine Toxins/*analysis
MH  - Mice
MH  - Ostreidae/*chemistry
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Saxitoxin/analysis
MH  - Shellfish
MH  - Shellfish Poisoning/diagnosis
MH  - Zinc/analysis
EDAT- 2011/12/06 06:00
MHDA- 2012/05/09 06:00
CRDT- 2011/12/06 06:00
PHST- 2011/10/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/11/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/11/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/12/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/12/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/05/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0041-0101(11)00362-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicon. 2012 Feb;59(2):215-30. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.013. Epub 2011 Nov 
      25.