PMID- 22139602
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130213
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1538-2443 (Electronic)
IS  - 1355-0284 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 6
DP  - 2011 Dec
TI  - Regulation of the latency-reactivation cycle by products encoded by the bovine 
      herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) latency-related gene.
PG  - 535-45
LID - 10.1007/s13365-011-0060-3 [doi]
AB  - Like other alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily members, the primary site for bovine 
      herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) latency is ganglionic sensory neurons. Periodically BHV-1 
      reactivates from latency, virus is shed, and consequently virus transmission 
      occurs. Transcription from the latency-related (LR) gene is readily detected in 
      neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG) of calves or rabbits latently infected with 
      BHV-1. Two micro-RNAs and a transcript encompassing a small open reading frame 
      (ORF-E) located within the LR promoter can also be detected in TG of latently 
      infected calves. A BHV-1 mutant that contains stop codons near the beginning of 
      the first open reading frame (ORF2) within the major LR transcript (LR mutant 
      virus) has been characterized. The LR mutant virus does not express ORF2, a 
      reading frame that lacks an initiating ATG (reading frame B), and has reduced 
      expression of ORF1 during productive infection. The LR mutant virus does not 
      reactivate from latency following dexamethasone treatment suggesting that LR 
      protein expression regulates the latency-reactivation cycle. Higher levels of 
      apoptosis occur in TG neurons of calves infected with the LR mutant viruses when 
      compared to wild-type BHV-1 indicating that the anti-apoptotic properties of the 
      LR gene is necessary for the latency-reactivation cycle. ORF2 inhibits apoptosis 
      and regulates certain viral promoters, in part, because it interacts with three 
      cellular transcription factors (C/EBP-alpha, Notch1, and Notch3). Although ORF2 
      is important for the latency-reactivation cycle, we predict that other LR gene 
      products play a supportive role during life-long latency in cattle.
FAU - Jones, Clinton
AU  - Jones C
AD  - School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for 
      Virology, University of Nebraska, RM 234, Morisson Life Science Center, Lincoln, 
      NE 68583, USA. cjones@unlnotes.unl.edu
FAU - da Silva, Leticia Frizzo
AU  - da Silva LF
FAU - Sinani, Devis
AU  - Sinani D
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 GM103509/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 1 T32AIO60547/PHS HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20111203
PL  - United States
TA  - J Neurovirol
JT  - Journal of neurovirology
JID - 9508123
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 0 (latency-related protein, Bovine herpesvirus 1)
RN  - 7S5I7G3JQL (Dexamethasone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cattle Diseases/drug therapy/*virology
MH  - Dexamethasone/pharmacology
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - Herpesviridae Infections/drug therapy/*veterinary/virology
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/*genetics
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Promoter Regions, Genetic
MH  - Sensory Receptor Cells/virology
MH  - Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Trigeminal Ganglion/virology
MH  - Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Virus Activation/drug effects
MH  - Virus Latency/*physiology
EDAT- 2011/12/06 06:00
MHDA- 2013/02/14 06:00
CRDT- 2011/12/06 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/11/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/11/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/12/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/12/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/02/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s13365-011-0060-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurovirol. 2011 Dec;17(6):535-45. doi: 10.1007/s13365-011-0060-3. Epub 2011 
      Dec 3.