PMID- 22154110
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120501
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Mar 1
TI  - Identification of ozonation by-products of 4- and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole 
      during the treatment of surface water to drinking water.
PG  - 679-90
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.033 [doi]
AB  - During the treatment of surface water to drinking water, ozonation is often used 
      for disinfection and to remove organic trace substances, whereby oxidation 
      by-products can be formed. Here we use the example of tolyltriazole to describe 
      an approach for identifying relevant oxidation by-products in the laboratory and 
      subsequently detecting them in an industrial-scale process. The identification 
      process involves ozonation experiments with pure substances at laboratory level 
      (concentration range mg L(-1)). The reaction solutions from different ozone 
      contact times were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography - 
      quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) in full scan mode. 
      Various approaches were used to detect the oxidation by-products: (i) target 
      searches of postulated oxidation by-products, (ii) comparisons of chromatograms 
      (e.g., UV/VIS) of the different samples, and (iii) color-coded abundance time 
      courses (kinetic) of all detected compounds were illustrated in a kind of a heat 
      map. MS/MS, H/D exchange, and derivatization experiments were used for structure 
      elucidation for the detected by-product. Due to the low contaminant 
      concentrations (ng L(-1)-range) of contaminants in the untreated water, the 
      conversion of results from laboratory experiments to an industrial-scale required 
      the use of HPLC-MS/MS with sample enrichment (e.g., solid phase extraction.) In 
      cases where reference substances were not available or oxidation by-products 
      without clear structures were detected, reaction solutions from laboratory 
      experiments were used to optimize the analytical method to detect ng L(-1) in the 
      samples of the industrial processes. We exemplarily demonstrated the 
      effectiveness of the methodology with the industrial chemicals 4- and 
      5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4- and 5-MBT) as an example. Moreover, not only did we 
      identify several oxidation by-products in the laboratory experiments tentatively, 
      but also detected three of the eleven reaction products in the outlet of the 
      full-scale ozonation unit.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Muller, Alexander
AU  - Muller A
AD  - Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Betriebs- und Forschungslaboratorium, Am 
      Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany.
FAU - Weiss, Stefan C
AU  - Weiss SC
FAU - Beisswenger, Judith
AU  - Beisswenger J
FAU - Leukhardt, H Georg
AU  - Leukhardt HG
FAU - Schulz, Wolfgang
AU  - Schulz W
FAU - Seitz, Wolfram
AU  - Seitz W
FAU - Ruck, Wolfgang K L
AU  - Ruck WK
FAU - Weber, Walter H
AU  - Weber WH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20111125
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (Drinking Water)
RN  - 0 (Triazoles)
RN  - 66H7ZZK23N (Ozone)
RN  - 86110UXM5Y (benzotriazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Chromatography, Thin Layer
MH  - Deuterium Exchange Measurement
MH  - Drinking Water/*chemistry
MH  - Germany
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Ozone/*chemistry
MH  - Rivers/chemistry
MH  - Surface Properties
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Triazoles/*chemistry
MH  - Water Purification/*methods
EDAT- 2011/12/14 06:00
MHDA- 2012/05/02 06:00
CRDT- 2011/12/14 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/11/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/11/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/12/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/05/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0043-1354(11)00717-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.033 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2012 Mar 1;46(3):679-90. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.033. Epub 2011 
      Nov 25.