PMID- 22203364
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120618
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1432-198X (Electronic)
IS  - 0931-041X (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 4
DP  - 2012 Apr
TI  - Association of nephrotic syndrome with immune reconstitution inflammatory 
      syndrome.
PG  - 667-9
LID - 10.1007/s00467-011-2069-5 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Up to 50% of patients with severe immune deficiency experience an 
      excessive inflammatory response called immune reconstitution inflammatory 
      syndrome (IRIS) after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). IRIS has 
      been observed after various opportunistic infections with pathogens such as 
      mycobacteria, including Bacille Calmette-Guerin, cryptococci, human 
      herpesvirus-8, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and progressive multifocal 
      leukoencephalopathy. Non-acquired immune deficiency-defining illnesses can also 
      deteriorate after commencement of ART. Renal IRIS has been reported in a few 
      patients with mycobacterial infections, but to the best of our knowledge no cases 
      of nephrotic syndrome and IRIS have been described. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: We 
      report the case of an infant with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) 
      infection, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and encephalopathy. During immune 
      reconstitution the patient developed nephrotic syndrome. Treatment of nephrotic 
      syndrome was initiated with prednisone, an angiotensin-converting enzyme 
      inhibitor (lisinopril), and low-molecular-weight heparin. ART was continued, but 
      only a low level of lopinavir/ritonavir could be achieved. There was no relapse 
      of nephrotic syndrome during 10 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrotic 
      syndrome may occur in infants during immune reconstitution and should not be 
      overlooked.
FAU - Lankisch, Petra
AU  - Lankisch P
AD  - Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical 
      Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, University Duesseldorf, 
      Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. petra.lankisch@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
FAU - Laws, Hans-Jurgen
AU  - Laws HJ
FAU - Wingen, Anne-Margret
AU  - Wingen AM
FAU - Borkhardt, Arndt
AU  - Borkhardt A
FAU - Niehues, Tim
AU  - Niehues T
FAU - Neubert, Jennifer
AU  - Neubert J
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20111229
PL  - Germany
TA  - Pediatr Nephrol
JT  - Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
JID - 8708728
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Drug Combinations)
RN  - 2494G1JF75 (Lopinavir)
RN  - O3J8G9O825 (Ritonavir)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects
MH  - Brain Diseases/complications
MH  - Drug Combinations
MH  - HIV Infections/drug therapy
MH  - HIV-1
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/*chemically induced/physiopathology
MH  - Infant
MH  - Lopinavir/administration & dosage/adverse effects
MH  - Nephrotic Syndrome/*etiology/physiopathology
MH  - Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/complications
MH  - Ritonavir/administration & dosage/adverse effects
EDAT- 2011/12/29 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/19 06:00
CRDT- 2011/12/29 06:00
PHST- 2011/07/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/11/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/11/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/12/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/12/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00467-011-2069-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatr Nephrol. 2012 Apr;27(4):667-9. doi: 10.1007/s00467-011-2069-5. Epub 2011 
      Dec 29.