PMID- 22213013
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120711
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1095-8290 (Electronic)
IS  - 0305-7364 (Print)
IS  - 0305-7364 (Linking)
VI  - 109
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Feb
TI  - Evolution and taxonomic split of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon.
PG  - 385-405
LID - 10.1093/aob/mcr294 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Brachypodium distachyon is being widely investigated across 
      the world as a model plant for temperate cereals. This annual plant has three 
      cytotypes (2n = 10, 20, 30) that are still regarded as part of a single species. 
      Here, a multidisciplinary study has been conducted on a representative sampling 
      of the three cytotypes to investigate their evolutionary relationships and 
      origins, and to elucidate if they represent separate species. METHODS: 
      Statistical analyses of 15 selected phenotypic traits were conducted in 
      individuals from 36 lines or populations. Cytogenetic analyses were performed 
      through flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with genomic 
      (GISH) and multiple DNA sequences as probes, and comparative chromosome painting 
      (CCP). Phylogenetic analyses were based on two plastid (ndhF, trnLF) and five 
      nuclear (ITS, ETS, CAL, DGAT, GI) genes from different Brachypodium lineages, 
      whose divergence times and evolutionary rates were estimated. KEY RESULTS: The 
      phenotypic analyses detected significant differences between the three cytotypes 
      and demonstrated stability of characters in natural populations. Genome size 
      estimations, GISH, FISH and CCP confirmed that the 2n = 10 and 2n = 20 cytotypes 
      represent two different diploid taxa, whereas the 2n = 30 cytotype represents the 
      allotetraploid derived from them. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the 2n 
      = 20 and 2n = 10 cytotypes emerged from two independent lineages that were, 
      respectively, the maternal and paternal genome donors of the 2n = 30 cytotype. 
      The 2n = 20 lineage was older and mutated significantly faster than the 2n = 10 
      lineage and all the core perennial Brachypodium species. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      substantial phenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular differences detected among the 
      three B. distachyon sensu lato cytotypes are indicative of major speciation 
      processes within this complex that allow their taxonomic separation into three 
      distinct species. We have kept the name B. distachyon for the 2n = 10 cytotype 
      and have described two novel species as B. stacei and B. hybridum for, 
      respectively, the 2n = 20 and 2n = 30 cytotypes.
FAU - Catalan, Pilar
AU  - Catalan P
AD  - Department of Agriculture, High Polytechnic School of Huesca, University of 
      Zaragoza, Spain. pcatalan@unizar.es
FAU - Muller, Jochen
AU  - Muller J
FAU - Hasterok, Robert
AU  - Hasterok R
FAU - Jenkins, Glyn
AU  - Jenkins G
FAU - Mur, Luis A J
AU  - Mur LA
FAU - Langdon, Tim
AU  - Langdon T
FAU - Betekhtin, Alexander
AU  - Betekhtin A
FAU - Siwinska, Dorota
AU  - Siwinska D
FAU - Pimentel, Manuel
AU  - Pimentel M
FAU - Lopez-Alvarez, Diana
AU  - Lopez-Alvarez D
LA  - eng
GR  - BBS/E/W/00003130A/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research 
      Council/United Kingdom
GR  - BBS/E/W/00003130B/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research 
      Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120101
PL  - England
TA  - Ann Bot
JT  - Annals of botany
JID - 0372347
RN  - 0 (DNA, Plant)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Evolution
MH  - Brachypodium/*classification/*genetics
MH  - Cytogenetics/methods
MH  - DNA, Plant/analysis
MH  - Edible Grain/genetics
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - *Genetic Speciation
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Genome, Plant
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
PMC - PMC3268539
EDAT- 2012/01/04 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/12 06:00
PMCR- 2013/02/01
CRDT- 2012/01/04 06:00
PHST- 2012/01/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/01/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - mcr294 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/aob/mcr294 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Bot. 2012 Feb;109(2):385-405. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr294. Epub 2012 Jan 1.