PMID- 22227179
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120731
LR  - 20120402
IS  - 1618-131X (Electronic)
IS  - 1438-4639 (Linking)
VI  - 215
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Apr
TI  - In vitro cytotoxicity and morphological assessment of smoke from polymer 
      combustion in human lung derived cells (A549).
PG  - 320-32
LID - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.12.006 [doi]
AB  - The application of polymer and composites in building and modern transport 
      interiors raises concerns of potential health hazards during combustion. 
      Cytotoxicity and morphological assessment of smoke from polymer combustion in 
      human lung derived cells (A549) has been investigated. A laboratory scale 
      vertical tube furnace was used for the generation of combustion products. A range 
      of materials used in the building and transport industry including high 
      density-polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), and 
      polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fiberglass reinforced polymers (FRPs), and melamine 
      faced plywood (MFP) were studied. The exposure of combustion toxicants to human 
      lung cells (A549) at the air/liquid interface was acquired using a Harvard 
      Navicyte Chamber. Cytotoxic effects on human cells were assessed based on cell 
      viability using a selected in vitro cytotoxicity assays, including NRU (neutral 
      red uptake) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Morphological assessment on the 
      effects of combustion products in human lung cells from selected materials 
      including PVC, FRP and MFP was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 
      The volatile organic compounds from thermal decomposition products were 
      identified using ATD-GCMS (Automatic Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass 
      Spectrometry). NOAEC (No Observable Adverse Effect Concentration), IC(10) (10% 
      inhibitory concentration), IC(50) (50% inhibitory concentration), and TLC (Total 
      Lethal Concentration) values (mg/l) were generated. The following toxicity 
      ranking was observed from the most toxic material to the least toxic using the 
      NRU assay: PVC>PP>HDPE>PC >FRP-10>MFP>FRP-16; and the ATP assay: 
      PVC>HDPE>PP>FRP-10>FRP-16>MFP>PC. The method described here could potentially be 
      an alternative to current fire toxicity standards.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lestari, F
AU  - Lestari F
AD  - Chemical Safety and Applied Toxicology (CSAT) Laboratories, The University of New 
      South Wales, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia. f.lestari@gmail.com
FAU - Hayes, A J
AU  - Hayes AJ
FAU - Green, A R
AU  - Green AR
FAU - Chattopadhyay, G
AU  - Chattopadhyay G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120109
PL  - Germany
TA  - Int J Hyg Environ Health
JT  - International journal of hygiene and environmental health
JID - 100898843
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (Smoke)
RN  - 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Fires
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung/*drug effects/pathology/ultrastructure
MH  - Polymers/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - *Smoke
MH  - Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry/toxicity
EDAT- 2012/01/10 06:00
MHDA- 2012/08/01 06:00
CRDT- 2012/01/10 06:00
PHST- 2010/05/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/12/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/12/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/01/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/01/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/08/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1438-4639(11)00241-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.12.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2012 Apr;215(3):320-32. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.12.006. Epub 2012 Jan 9.