PMID- 22236856
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120508
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1815-7920 (Electronic)
IS  - 1027-3719 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 1
DP  - 2012 Jan
TI  - HIV-related bronchiectasis in children: an emerging spectre in high tuberculosis 
      burden areas.
PG  - 114-9
LID - 10.5588/ijtld.11.0244 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children have an 
      eleven-fold risk of acute lower respiratory tract infection. This places 
      HIV-infected children at risk of airway destruction and bronchiectasis. 
      OBJECTIVE: To study predisposing factors for the development of bronchiectasis in 
      a developing world setting. METHODS: Children with HIV-related bronchiectasis 
      aged 6-14 years were enrolled. Data were collected on demographics, induced 
      sputum for tuberculosis, respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus), 
      influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1-3, adenovirus and cytomegalovirus), 
      bacteriology and cytokines. Spirometry was performed. Blood samples were obtained 
      for HIV staging, immunoglobulins, immunoCAP(R)-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) for 
      common foods and aeroallergens and cytokines. RESULTS: In all, 35 patients were 
      enrolled in the study. Of 161 sputum samples, the predominant organisms cultured 
      were Haemophilus influenzae and parainfluenzae (49%). The median forced 
      expiratory volume in 1 second of all patients was 53%. Interleukin-8 was the 
      predominant cytokine in sputum and serum. The median IgE level was 770 kU/l; 
      however, this did not seem to be related to atopy; 36% were exposed to 
      environmental tobacco smoke, with no correlation between exposure and CD4 count. 
      CONCLUSION: Children with HIV-related bronchiectasis are diagnosed after the age 
      of 6 years and suffer significant morbidity. Immune stimulation mechanisms in 
      these children are intact despite the level of immunosuppression.
FAU - Masekela, R
AU  - Masekela R
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, 
      Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 
      refiloe.masekela@up.ac.za
FAU - Anderson, R
AU  - Anderson R
FAU - Moodley, T
AU  - Moodley T
FAU - Kitchin, O P
AU  - Kitchin OP
FAU - Risenga, S M
AU  - Risenga SM
FAU - Becker, P J
AU  - Becker PJ
FAU - Green, R J
AU  - Green RJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - France
TA  - Int J Tuberc Lung Dis
JT  - The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal 
      of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
JID - 9706389
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Inflammation Mediators)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
MH  - Bacteriological Techniques
MH  - Bronchiectasis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology
MH  - Child
MH  - Coinfection/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology
MH  - Cytokines/isolation & purification
MH  - Developing Countries
MH  - HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunologic Tests
MH  - Inflammation Mediators/isolation & purification
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - South Africa/epidemiology
MH  - Spirometry
MH  - Sputum/immunology/microbiology/virology
MH  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology
EDAT- 2012/01/13 06:00
MHDA- 2012/05/09 06:00
CRDT- 2012/01/13 06:00
PHST- 2012/01/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/01/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/05/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.5588/ijtld.11.0244 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012 Jan;16(1):114-9. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0244.