PMID- 22264436
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121009
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1872-6232 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-3782 (Print)
IS  - 0378-3782 (Linking)
VI  - 88
IP  - 7
DP  - 2012 Jul
TI  - Fetal cardiac autonomic control during breathing and non-breathing epochs: the 
      effect of maternal exercise.
PG  - 539-46
LID - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.017 [doi]
AB  - We explored whether maternal exercise during pregnancy moderates the effect of 
      fetal breathing movements on fetal cardiac autonomic control assessed by metrics 
      of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Thirty women were assigned 
      to Exercise or Control group (n=15/group) based on the modifiable physical 
      activity questionnaire (MPAQ). Magnetocardiograms (MCG) were recorded using a 
      dedicated fetal biomagnetometer. Periods of fetal breathing activity and apnea 
      were identified using the fetal diaphragmatic magnetomyogram (dMMG) as a marker. 
      MCG R-waves were marked. Metrics of fetal HR and HRV were compared using 1 
      breathing and 1 apneic epoch/fetus. The main effects of group (Exercise vs. 
      Control) and condition (Apnea vs. Breathing) and their interactions were 
      explored. Fetal breathing resulted in significantly lower fetal HR and higher 
      vagally-mediated HRV. Maternal exercise resulted in significantly lower fetal HR, 
      higher total HRV and vagally-mediated HRV with no difference in frequency band 
      ratios. Significant interactions between maternal exercise and fetal breathing 
      were found for metrics summarizing total HRV and a parasympathetic metric. Post 
      hoc comparison showed no group difference during fetal apnea. Fetal breathing was 
      associated with a loss of Total HRV in the Control group and no difference in the 
      Exercise group. Both groups show enhanced vagal function during fetal breathing; 
      greater in the Exercise group. During in utero breathing movements, the fetus of 
      the exercising mother has enhanced cardiac autonomic function that may give the 
      offspring an adaptive advantage.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gustafson, Kathleen M
AU  - Gustafson KM
AD  - University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS 
      66160, USA. kgustafson@kumc.edu
FAU - May, Linda E
AU  - May LE
FAU - Yeh, Hung-wen
AU  - Yeh HW
FAU - Million, Stephanie K
AU  - Million SK
FAU - Allen, John J B
AU  - Allen JJ
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 HD002528/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HD047315/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 HD059019/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD 002528/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Controlled Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120120
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Early Hum Dev
JT  - Early human development
JID - 7708381
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Autonomic Nervous System/embryology/*physiology
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Behavior
MH  - Heart Rate, Fetal/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Maternal Behavior/physiology
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Respiration
MH  - Respiratory Mechanics/physiology
PMC - PMC3753784
MID - NIHMS474547
EDAT- 2012/01/24 06:00
MHDA- 2012/10/10 06:00
PMCR- 2013/08/27
CRDT- 2012/01/24 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/11/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/12/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/01/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/01/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/10/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/08/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0378-3782(11)00387-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.017 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Early Hum Dev. 2012 Jul;88(7):539-46. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.017. Epub 
      2012 Jan 20.