PMID- 22284236
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120626
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 1879-0828 (Electronic)
IS  - 0953-6205 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Mar
TI  - Matrix metalloproteinases in metabolic syndrome.
PG  - 99-104
LID - 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.09.012 [doi]
AB  - Metabolic syndrome is commonly accompanied by an elevated cardiovascular risk 
      with high morbidity and mortality. The alterations of the arterial vasculature 
      begin with endothelial dysfunction and lead to micro- and macrovascular 
      complications. The remodeling of the endothelial basal membrane, that promotes 
      erosion and thrombosis, has a multifactorial pathogenesis that includes leukocyte 
      activation, increased oxidative stress and also an altered matrix 
      metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. MMPs are endopeptidases which degrade 
      extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, gelatins, fibronectin and 
      laminin. They can be secreted by several cells within the vascular wall, but 
      macrophages are determinant in the atherosclerotic plaques. Their activity is 
      regulated by tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) and also by other molecules, such 
      as plasmin. MMPs could be implicated in plaque instability predisposing to 
      vascular complications. It has been demonstrated that an impaired MMP or TIMP 
      expression is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. A large number 
      of studies evaluated MMPs pattern in obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial 
      hypertension and dyslipidemia, all of which define metabolic syndrome according 
      to several Consensus Statement (i.e. IDF, ATP III, AHA). However, few research 
      have been carried out on subjects with metabolic syndrome. The evidences of an 
      improvement in MMP/TIMP ratio with diet, exercise and medical therapy should 
      encourage further investigations with the intent to contrast the atherosclerotic 
      process and to reduce morbidity and mortality of this kind of patients.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier 
      B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hopps, E
AU  - Hopps E
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Nefrological Disease, 
      University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy. 
      euhopps@libero.it
FAU - Caimi, G
AU  - Caimi G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20111013
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur J Intern Med
JT  - European journal of internal medicine
JID - 9003220
RN  - EC 3.4.24.- (Matrix Metalloproteinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Global Health
MH  - Humans
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinases/*biosynthesis
MH  - *Metabolic Syndrome/complications/enzymology/epidemiology
MH  - Morbidity
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*physiology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Survival Rate
EDAT- 2012/01/31 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/27 06:00
CRDT- 2012/01/31 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/09/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/09/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/01/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/01/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0953-6205(11)00225-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.09.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Intern Med. 2012 Mar;23(2):99-104. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.09.012. Epub 
      2011 Oct 13.