PMID- 22332981
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130117
LR  - 20120710
IS  - 1751-1097 (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-8655 (Linking)
VI  - 88
IP  - 4
DP  - 2012 Jul-Aug
TI  - Cell survival and altered gene expression following photodynamic inactivation of 
      Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
PG  - 992-1000
LID - 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01112.x [doi]
AB  - Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides 
      brasiliensis. Currently, the treatment approach involves the use of antifungal 
      drugs and requires years of medical therapy, which can induce nephrotoxicity and 
      lead to resistance in yeast strains. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a new 
      therapy capable of killing microorganisms via the combination of a nontoxic dye 
      with visible light to generate toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). We 
      investigated the phototoxic effect of 
      5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin (TMPyP), a cationic porphyrin, 
      on the survival of P. brasiliensis following exposure to light. Phototoxicity was 
      found to depend on both the fluence and concentration of the photosensitizer 
      (PS). Although the biological effects of PDI are known, the molecular mechanisms 
      underlying the resultant damage to cells are poorly defined. Therefore, we 
      evaluated the molecular response to PDI-induced oxidative stress by gene 
      transcription analysis. We selected genes associated with the high-osmolarity 
      glycerol (HOG)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and antioxidant 
      enzymes. The genes analyzed were all overexpressed after PDI treatment, 
      suggesting that the oxidative stress generated in our experimental conditions 
      induces antioxidant activity. In addition to PDI-induced gene expression, there 
      was high cell mortality, suggesting that the antioxidant response was not 
      sufficient to avoid fungal mortality.
CI  - (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Photochemistry and Photobiology (c) 2012 The 
      American Society of Photobiology.
FAU - Almeida, Luciane M
AU  - Almeida LM
AD  - Universidade Estadual de Goias (UEG), UnU-Ipameri, GO, Brazil. 
      almeidalm@hotmail.com
FAU - Zanoelo, Fabiana F
AU  - Zanoelo FF
FAU - Castro, Kelly P
AU  - Castro KP
FAU - Borissevitch, Iouri E
AU  - Borissevitch IE
FAU - Soares, Celia M A
AU  - Soares CM
FAU - Goncalves, Pablo J
AU  - Goncalves PJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120308
PL  - United States
TA  - Photochem Photobiol
JT  - Photochemistry and photobiology
JID - 0376425
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Photosensitizing Agents)
RN  - 0 (Porphyrins)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 38673-65-3 (tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine)
RN  - EC 1.- (Oxidoreductases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Colony Count, Microbial
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Light
MH  - Microbial Viability/drug effects/radiation effects
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects/radiation effects
MH  - Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Paracoccidioides/*drug effects/metabolism/*radiation effects
MH  - Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Porphyrins/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists/metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
EDAT- 2012/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2013/01/18 06:00
CRDT- 2012/02/16 06:00
PHST- 2012/02/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01112.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Photochem Photobiol. 2012 Jul-Aug;88(4):992-1000. doi: 
      10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01112.x. Epub 2012 Mar 8.