PMID- 22351659
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120625
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1791-7549 (Electronic)
IS  - 0258-851X (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 2
DP  - 2012 Mar-Apr
TI  - Screening for efflux pump systems of bacteria by the new acridine orange agar 
      method.
PG  - 203-6
AB  - AIM: Development of a non-toxic, fluorescent-based, agar system for the screening 
      of overexpressed bacterial efflux pump systems with common, inexpensive UV 
      accessories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wild type Gram-negative and positive bacteria 
      expressing intrinsic efflux pumps and their progeny that overexpress a specific 
      efflux pump were selected for evaluation of efflux pump activity in a 
      Mueller-Hinton agar, containing increasing concentrations of the non-toxic 
      fluorescent chromophore acridine orange (AO). The method is based on the same 
      principle as the first-generation ethidium bromide method, according to which the 
      concentration of the fluorescent dye that first produces fluorescence of the 
      overlying bacterial colony represents the maximum concentration of the dye that 
      the bacterium can extrude. The higher the concentration needed to produce 
      fluorescence, the greater the ability of the bacterial efflux pump to extrude the 
      dye. RESULTS: Progeny of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar 
      Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus that over-expressed a given efflux pump 
      fluoresced (i.e. accumulated AO) at concentrations of AO that were much greater 
      than the ones required for the emission of fluorescence by their corresponding 
      wild-type counterpart which expressed an intrinsic efflux pump. CONCLUSION: The 
      AO agar method readily identifies strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive 
      bacteria that overexpress efflux pump systems compared to their wild-type 
      progeny.
FAU - Martins, Ana
AU  - Martins A
AD  - Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 
      Hungary.
FAU - Amaral, Leonard
AU  - Amaral L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Greece
TA  - In Vivo
JT  - In vivo (Athens, Greece)
JID - 8806809
RN  - 0 (AcrA protein, E coli)
RN  - 0 (AcrAB-TolC protein, Salmonella enterica)
RN  - 0 (AcrB protein, E coli)
RN  - 0 (AcrB protein, Salmonella enterica)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes)
RN  - 0 (Lipoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins)
RN  - 134773-66-3 (qacA protein, Staphylococcus aureus)
RN  - 9002-18-0 (Agar)
RN  - F30N4O6XVV (Acridine Orange)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acridine Orange/*metabolism/toxicity
MH  - Agar
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - *Bacteriological Techniques
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Carrier Proteins/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
MH  - Escherichia coli K12/metabolism
MH  - Escherichia coli Proteins/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Fluorescent Dyes/*metabolism/toxicity
MH  - Lipoproteins/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Membrane Transport Proteins/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Salmonella enteritidis/metabolism
MH  - Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
EDAT- 2012/02/22 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/26 06:00
CRDT- 2012/02/22 06:00
PHST- 2012/02/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/02/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 26/2/203 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - In Vivo. 2012 Mar-Apr;26(2):203-6.